Bolthole Index

The county rulebook for rural land

Know what you can build before you buy.

Permits, zoning, septic, RV and tiny-home rules for every county, quoted from official sources. Start from home to see which reachable counties let you live the way you want.

Already looking at land?Start a Property Hunt →

National rankings

Start with the strongest counties.

A first pass through the index: high-scoring counties for bolthole land, with a budget lens when carrying cost matters more.

Ranking lens
Core RankBudget RankScore
  1. 01Fentress CountyTN91
  2. 02Penobscot CountyME90
  3. 03Orleans CountyVT90
  4. 04Emmet CountyMI89
  5. 05Pickett CountyTN89
  1. 01Fentress CountyTN · Carry 8691
  2. 02Penobscot CountyME · Carry 7690
  3. 03Orleans CountyVT · Carry 6790
  4. 04Emmet CountyMI · Carry 6989
  5. 05Pickett CountyTN · Carry 8589

The rulebook, county by county

What can you actually do on your land?

Building permits, zoning, septic, owner-builder rights, RV and tiny-home occupancy — for every county in America, cited to the county’s own official pages. 3,066 counties so far carry answers quoted verbatim and re-checked by an independent reviewer, and the number grows daily.

No building codes: 680 counties →

No residential building permit, county by county

No zoning: 982 counties →

No county-wide use districts

No codes, no zoning: 563 counties →

The least-regulated counties to build in

Owner-builder: 1,824 counties →

Build your own home without a licensed contractor

RV living: 354 counties →

Full-time RV occupancy on your own land, quoted and re-checked

Tiny homes: 388 counties →

Tiny homes as a dwelling, quoted and re-checked

No minimum home size: 435 counties →

No minimum square footage for a home

Then compare

Rank the counties whose rules you can live with

The Bolthole Index scores every county for backup land, off-grid living, and long-term resilience: seclusion, self-sufficiency, administrative boringness, durability, property autonomy, and carry cost. The rules above feed the score, so a permissive county ranks on what its rulebook says, not on a proxy.

Custom county screener →

Your weights on all six factors — re-rank 3,143 counties live

Boltholes near your city →

NYC, LA, Atlanta + 13 more — ranked by drive band

Compare counties →

Any 2–3 counties side-by-side: factors, prices, water, rules

Best states for homesteading →

Self-sufficiency, water, and quiet rural land — ranked

Best states to live off-grid →

Seclusion, admin boringness, durability, autonomy — ranked

Cheapest states for off-grid land →

Carry cost, low taxes, few rules — ranked

Septic permits by state →

Who approves your system — all 3,143 counties, verified

A British word, an American search

What is a bolthole?

A bolthole is a place of refuge—somewhere to go when ordinary systems fail or you simply need a way out. Here it means reachable rural backup land with enough water and productive capacity to support a household, but modest enough to own quietly and carry for years.

Jon Ragsdale built this independent project after reading Barton Biggs’s Wealth, War & Wisdom, a history of markets, real assets, and wealth preservation through World War II. Read the origin story and the full definition →

Methodology

How the index thinks

The score is a first-pass due diligence model for bolthole land. It favors counties with practical self-sufficiency, distance from dense systems, durable climate and hazard profiles, workable local rules, property autonomy, and manageable carrying costs.

Self-Sufficiency24%
Seclusion22%
Durability19%
Admin Boringness17%
Property Autonomy13%
Carry Cost5%

Best places to live by state