Dauphin County, PA: No Zoning, Limited Building Permits

Building work subject to Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code requires a permit in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, but the enforcing authority depends on the municipality^1,2. Start with the parcel's township, borough or the City of Harrisburg for building and zoning contacts; on-lot sewage permits go through the applicable local agency^3,4.

At a glance

Building permit: Required before work subject to Pennsylvania's UCC begins; administration depends on the municipality^1,2
Zoning: Rules vary by municipality; check the township, borough or city governing the parcel³
Septic permits: Issued by the applicable local agency under Act 537, with PA DEP oversight⁴
Owner-builder: Owners may do qualifying work themselves, but no general exemption from UCC permits or inspections is confirmed⁵
Recreational cabin: A qualifying cabin may be excluded from the UCC after required filing and safety measures⁶
Floodplain work: Municipal approval is required before development in a Special Flood Hazard Area⁷
Occupancy: A UCC-covered home needs final approval and a certificate of occupancy before use¹
State-highway access: A driveway or utility facility on state highway land needs a PennDOT permit⁸

Who to call

Building permits

Lower Paxton Township Community Development Department

Example only: Lower Paxton Township's own building permits, zoning administration and subdivision review within its township boundary. Dauphin County has no county-wide building or zoning department; each of its roughly 40 municipalities runs its own under Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code and Municipalities Planning Code, so this office does not cover the whole county

717-657-5600

425 Prince Street, Harrisburg, PA 17109

Online permits →

Also useful

Dauphin County Municipalities Directory

Dauphin County's official directory of all its boroughs, townships and the City of Harrisburg, each with its own building, zoning and code office; use it to find the specific office that covers your parcel

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 5, 2026.

Do you need a building permit in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania?

A property owner or authorized representative must obtain a building permit before starting work in Dauphin County when the project is subject to Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code.

A property owner or authorized representative must obtain a building permit before starting work in Dauphin County when the project is subject to Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code¹. Pennsylvania's statewide UCC applies to builders, while municipal enforcement arrangements vary⁹. Inspections are required for UCC-regulated residential construction and changes to electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing systems¹. A UCC-covered building cannot be used until a certificate of occupancy is issued¹. Pennsylvania allows an owner to perform qualifying work without a general state contractor license, but that is not a blanket exemption from permits, inspections or code compliance; municipal licensing rules may also apply⁵. A separate, narrow exclusion may apply to a qualifying recreational cabin after the owner files the required affidavit or insurance proof with the municipality and provides the specified safety equipment⁶.

Who issues building permits in Dauphin County, and how do you reach them?

The first call is to the township, borough or City of Harrisburg where the parcel lies; Dauphin County's municipalities directory helps identify that government.

The first call is to the township, borough or City of Harrisburg where the parcel lies; Dauphin County's municipalities directory helps identify that government¹⁰. In an opt-in municipality, the municipality enforces the UCC; in an opt-out municipality, Pennsylvania Labor & Industry handles nonresidential enforcement and a certified third-party agency handles residential enforcement². Lower Paxton Township is one example, not a countywide office: its Community Development Department handles building construction, zoning, subdivision and land development inside that township¹¹. A complete state UCC application identifies the political subdivision and county and may require site plans, special-inspection material and energy-code documentation¹. The enforcing municipality or third-party agency sets its own public fee schedule, so obtain the current schedule directly from the authority serving the parcel¹².

Does Dauphin County have zoning, and who sets the parcel rules?

Zoning and building-permit requirements vary among Dauphin County's townships, boroughs and the City of Harrisburg, so the parcel's municipality is the controlling place to check.

Zoning and building-permit requirements vary among Dauphin County's townships, boroughs and the City of Harrisburg, so the parcel's municipality is the controlling place to check³. Ask that municipality about the zoning district, allowed dwelling types, minimum lot size, setbacks, building height, lot coverage, accessory dwellings and RV use. Lower Paxton Township illustrates why the exact location matters: its Community Development Department administers land use and zoning within that township¹¹. Pennsylvania county zoning authority is limited to municipalities without their own zoning ordinance, and a later municipal ordinance replaces county zoning within that municipality¹³. The Dauphin County Planning Commission reviews subdivision and land-development plans proposed to the County, but that fact does not establish one county approval process for every parcel; confirm the filing path with the municipality¹⁴.

How do septic permits work in Dauphin County?

The applicable local agency issues permits for retaining tanks and individual or community on-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County, while Pennsylvania DEP provides oversight.

The applicable local agency issues permits for retaining tanks and individual or community on-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County, while Pennsylvania DEP provides oversight⁴. Start with the parcel's municipality and ask for its local agency and Sewage Enforcement Officer because the responsible agency varies by municipality¹⁵. A permit is required before installing, constructing, occupying or using a building served by an on-lot system, subject to narrow exceptions¹⁶. One exception may cover an owner or immediate-family residence on a contiguous tract of at least 10 acres, but ownership-date, notice, local-ordinance and siting conditions apply¹⁶. The system cannot be covered until the permit issuer or authorized representative approves covering it, subject to the state's review timing rule¹⁷. Only 9.4% of Dauphin County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field, so test feasibility before committing to a homesite¹⁸.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Dauphin County?

We could not confirm a countywide rule allowing long-term RV occupancy or tiny homes on private land in Dauphin County.

We could not confirm a countywide rule allowing long-term RV occupancy or tiny homes on private land in Dauphin County. Ask the parcel's township, borough or city whether the use is allowed in its zoning district and what septic and utility approvals apply^3,10. Pennsylvania's state-park camping rules do not answer whether an RV may be used as a residence on private land¹⁹. A site-built tiny home involving UCC-covered work requires the same permit process as other covered construction¹. Manufactured housing has specialized rules: permits and certificates cover assembly and installation, while utility connections, grading, relocation, resale, additions and work outside the approved design may remain subject to the UCC⁶. Local zoning and land-use approval are still separate questions²⁰.

Building a home in Dauphin County: the steps, in order

Identify the parcel's township, borough or city through Dauphin County's municipalities directory.

Identify the parcel's township, borough or city through Dauphin County's municipalities directory¹⁰.

Confirm zoning, subdivision review and the UCC enforcement authority with that municipality^2,3,14.

Identify the local sewage agency, test the site and obtain the on-lot permit before installation⁴.

For development in a Special Flood Hazard Area, obtain the municipal floodplain permit before work⁷.

If access meets state highway land, obtain the PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit before building or changing the driveway⁸.

Submit the building application before work and complete the required inspections; completed construction needs proof of passed inspections before connection to public electric or gas service^1,21.

Obtain the certificate of occupancy before using the building¹.

What to check before you buy land in Dauphin County

Before closing, confirm the governing municipality, zoning district, permitted use and dimensional standards for the exact parcel.

Before closing, confirm the governing municipality, zoning district, permitted use and dimensional standards for the exact parcel^3,10. Check floodplain status early because the municipality must issue a permit before development in a Special Flood Hazard Area, and local ordinances may exceed the federal minimum⁷. Test septic feasibility before selecting the homesite: only 9.4% of Dauphin County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field¹⁸. Pennsylvania licenses commercial well drillers but has no statewide construction standard for private wells, so ask the municipality whether a local well permit applies²². Determine whether access is from a state or local road because building or changing a driveway on state highway land requires a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit⁸.

Watch-outs

Do not assume one Dauphin County permit office serves every parcel; identify the township, borough or city first, then determine whether municipal, state or certified third-party UCC enforcement applies at that address^2,10.
Pennsylvania's septic-permit exemption for a 10-acre owner-occupied tract carries strict ownership-date and siting conditions — confirm eligibility with your municipality's Sewage Enforcement Officer rather than assuming it applies¹⁶.
Owning and building on your property does not create a general exemption from UCC permits or inspections, even though qualifying owners may perform work without a general state contractor license^1,5.

Sources

22 official pages, each quoted and re-checked · written October 5, 2026

Written October 5, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

Off-grid gear

Going off-grid in Dauphin County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:

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Compared with neighboring counties

Unlike all 6 of its neighbors, Dauphin County requires a building permit only in limited cases.

Rule	Dauphin County	Lebanon County	Perry County	Snyder County	York County	Cumberland County	Northumberland County
Building permit	Limited	Required	Required	Required	Required	Required	Required
County zoning	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Septic permits	SEO	County Planning Dept.	SEO	Municipal Sewage Enforcement Officer	PA DEP	Municipal Sewage Enforcement Officer	Municipal

Cities and towns in Dauphin County

Inside a city, town or township here, that government usually sets zoning and may issue its own building permits; the county’s rules above cover land outside them.

Not yet covered: Borough of Berrysburg · Derry Township · Borough of Elizabethville · Borough of Gratz · Borough of Halifax · Halifax Township · Borough of Hummelstown · Jackson Township · Londonderry Township · Lower Swatara Township · Borough of Lykens · Lykens Township · Borough of Middletown · Borough of Penbrook · Borough of Pillow · Rush Township · South Hanover Township · Susquehanna Township · Wayne Township · Wiconisco Township · Williams Township · Borough of Williamstown

Answers from the rulebook for Dauphin County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Dauphin County rules

Local zoningVaries (with conditions)
Aggregate of municipal zoning controls across Dauphin County, including townships, boroughs, and the City of Harrisburg.
- The conclusion aggregates municipal zoning rather than treating Dauphin County as the administrator of each local ordinance.
- The county analyzed zoning ordinances from six municipalities: West Hanover Township, Derry Township, Washington Township, Steelton Borough, Middletown Borough, and Susquehanna Township.
- Applicable zoning, subdivision, and building-permit requirements must be checked with the municipality governing the parcel.
“Dauphin County has completed a preliminary zoning analysis of six key municipalities in the County.”
Dauphin County 2016 Assessment of Fair Housing ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
Subdividing landLimited
Subdivision and land-development plans proposed to the Dauphin County Planning Commission or otherwise submitted to Dauphin County for review.
- The county page establishes county Planning Commission review of plans proposed to the County, but does not establish that Dauphin County administers every subdivision approval or that one countywide subdivision ordinance applies to every municipality or parcel.
- Municipal involvement and other municipal or state requirements may apply.
- For new land development projects, Pennsylvania DEP states that sewage-facilities planning generally requires a Sewage Facilities Planning Module Application Mailer, except for projects qualifying for a Component 1 planning module.
- DEP states that local municipal involvement is required and that completed planning-module forms must not be submitted directly to DEP without municipal coordination.
“The Planning Commission prepares and maintains the County’s comprehensive plan, reviews all subdivision and land development plans proposed to the County, and advises the County Commissioners on issues relating to the development of Dauphin County.”
Volunteering - Dauphin County ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
Permit processPartial
Published Dauphin County Planning Commission review function for subdivision and land-development plans proposed to the County.
- The county page identifies the Planning Commission's review role but does not publish a complete application package, filing steps, fees, review deadlines, approval standards, or permit process for all construction or development permits in Dauphin County.
- The source does not establish that the County, rather than a municipality or another agency, issues every permit.
“The Planning Commission prepares and maintains the County’s comprehensive plan, reviews all subdivision and land development plans proposed to the County, and advises the County Commissioners on issues relating to the development of Dauphin County.”
Volunteering - Dauphin County ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
County-wide zoningAbsent
There is no single county-wide zoning ordinance; zoning in Dauphin County is adopted and administered by individual municipalities (townships and boroughs), and codes vary by municipality.
Dauphin County - Municipalities ↗From the county’s own site, awaiting a second reviewer

Pennsylvania rules that apply here

Building permitRequired
Residential buildings and regulated electrical, gas, mechanical, and plumbing systems in Pennsylvania municipalities enforcing the Uniform Construction Code or under third-party agency enforcement.
- The permit must be obtained before covered construction begins.
- Emergency repairs or equipment replacement may proceed before application only if the permit application is submitted within 3 business days.
- The regulation incorporates the exceptions in § 403.1(b), including specified UCC scope exclusions and exemptions.
- No permit is required for listed limited work, including fences no more than 6 feet high; retaining walls no more than 4 feet high unless supporting a surcharge; certain water tanks up to 5,000 gallons with a height-to-diameter or width ratio no greater than 2 to 1; certain sidewalks and driveways no more than 30 inches above adjacent grade; prefabricated pools less than 24 inches deep; specified playground equipment; certain window awnings; uncovered decks no more than 30 inches above grade; communications wiring; ordinary repairs; and public-service-agency equipment.
- The listed exemptions apply only if the work does not violate a law or ordinance.
- Ordinary repair does not include cutting load-bearing walls or structural beams, changing required means of egress, or adding or relocating listed piping, wiring, or mechanical systems.
emergency permit application deadline: 3 business days (after emergency repair or equipment replacement) · fence height exemption: <= 6 feet · retaining wall exemption height: <= 4 feet (unless supporting a surcharge) · water tank capacity exemption: <= 5000 gallons (height-to-diameter or width ratio no greater than 2 to 1) · sidewalk or driveway height exemption: <= 30 inches (not over a basement or story below) · prefabricated pool depth exemption: < 24 inches · uncovered deck height exemption: <= 30 inches
“An owner or authorized agent who intends to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change the occupancy of a residential building [...] shall first apply to the building code official and obtain the required permit under § 403.62a (relating to permit application).”
Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Chapter 403 Administration ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
4 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — Construction or building work in Dauphin County subject to the Pennsylvania UCC.
  “The UCC states that before beginning any construction or building work, the property owner or an authorized representative must obtain a UCC building permit”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Sep 26, 2026
- Required — Construction or building work in Dauphin County subject to the UCC.
  “The UCC requires property owners to obtain a construction or building permit before starting any work.”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Construction or building work in Dauphin County subject to the UCC.
  “The Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC) regulates the codes and standards of building projects in the Commonwealth. The UCC states that before beginning any construction or building work, the property owner or an authorized representative must obtain a UCC building permit”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Commercial buildings, structures, facilities, and regulated electrical, gas, mechanical, and plumbing systems in Pennsylvania jurisdictions enforcing the Uniform Construction Code.
  “An owner or authorized agent who intends to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change the occupancy of a commercial building, structure and facility [...] shall first apply to the building code official and obtain the required permit under § 403.42a (relating to permit application).”
  Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Commercial Construction Provisions ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
Owner-builder exemptionAvailable
A property owner performing construction work on the owner's own primary residence in Pennsylvania without compensation, and most construction work for which Pennsylvania does not impose a statewide contractor licensure or certification requirement.
- Pennsylvania has no statewide licensure or certification requirement for most construction contractors or their employees.
- For home-improvement regulation, the statutory exclusion applies to work performed without compensation by the owner of the owner's private residence or residential rental property.
- The Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act excludes construction of a new home from the definition of home improvement.
- Municipalities may impose their own contractor licensure or certification requirements.
“The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania currently has no licensure or certification requirements for most construction contractors (or their employees).”
Contractor Licensing ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Conditional — An owner of a qualifying recreational cabin constructed in Pennsylvania.
  “Act 92 of 2004 provides that recreational cabins may be excluded from the requirements of the Uniform Construction Code.”
  pa.gov ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
Building code adoptedAdopted
Building construction throughout Pennsylvania under the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code.
- The UCC is administered and enforced locally by municipalities that opt in, using municipal employees or certified third-party agencies.
- In municipalities that opt out, the Department of Labor and Industry is responsible for commercial code enforcement, while certified third-party agencies hired by property owners or contractors enforce residential UCC requirements.
- The Department has sole jurisdiction for elevators and state-owned buildings wherever located.
- The 2021 accessibility updates are permanently enjoined; structures must still comply with the 2018 accessibility requirements, and the injunction does not affect enforcement of non-accessibility UCC requirements.
- The revised regulations adopting the 2018 I-Code series became effective February 14, 2022. Contract-based transition rules allow certain projects with contracts signed before that date to use the UCC in effect at the time of contract if application was made by August 14, 2022 or earlier.
- The 2021 I-Code accessibility provisions became effective December 25, 2021, with a contract-based transition period allowing applications by June 25, 2022 or earlier.
- Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code triennial update was published November 8, 2025 and became effective January 1, 2026.
2018 I-Code regulations effective date: 2022-02-14 (For contracts signed before this date, application and permit issuance under the UCC in effect at the time of contract were allowed if application was made by 2022-08-14.) · 2021 I-Code accessibility provisions effective date: 2021-12-25 (For contracts signed before this date, application and permit issuance under the UCC in effect at the time of contract were allowed if application was made by 2022-06-25.) · 2025 triennial UCC update effective date: 2026-01-01
“Pennsylvania's statewide building code, generally known as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC), has to be followed by builders in the state.”
Uniform Construction Code (UCC) ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Adopted — Building construction in Dauphin County under Pennsylvania's statewide Uniform Construction Code.
  “Pennsylvania's statewide building code [...] has to be followed by builders in the state.”
  Uniform Construction Code (UCC) ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Adopted — Building construction in Dauphin County subject to Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code.
  “Pennsylvania's statewide building code, generally known as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC), has to be followed by builders in the state.”
  Uniform Construction Code (UCC) ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Adopted — Building construction in Dauphin County subject to Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code.
  “Pennsylvania's statewide building code, generally known as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC), has to be followed by builders in the state.”
  Uniform Construction Code ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
InspectionsRequired
Residential construction for which a Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code permit was issued.
- The permit holder must keep construction accessible and notify the construction code official when work is ready.
- Required inspection areas are foundations; plumbing, mechanical, and electrical systems; frame and masonry; and wallboard.
- The official may conduct additional inspections for UCC or municipal-ordinance compliance.
- A final inspection and final inspection report are required.
- Third-party agencies under contract must submit the final inspection report to the property owner, builder, and designated lender.
“A construction code official shall inspect all construction for which a permit was issued. The permit holder shall insure that the construction is accessible for inspection.”
Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Chapter 403 Administration ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — UCC-regulated construction and changes to residential or commercial buildings in Dauphin County.
  “Inspections are also necessary in several cases”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Residential construction and covered building-system work in Dauphin County subject to the UCC.
  “Inspections are also necessary in several cases, including construction or changes to commercial or residential buildings, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing systems, and the installation of swimming pools or hot tubs. Additionally, manufactured and industrialized housing projects require inspections for site preparation, foundation construction, repairs, and changes in occupancy.”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
- Required — Commercial construction governed by §§ 403.41-403.48 of the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code.
  “A construction code official shall perform inspections to insure that the construction complies with the approved permit and the Uniform Construction Code.”
  Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Commercial Construction Provisions ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
Certificate of occupancyRequired
Use or occupancy of a commercial building, structure, or facility governed by the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code.
- A building, structure, or facility may not be used or occupied without a certificate of occupancy issued by a building code official.
- The certificate is issued within 5 business days after receipt of a final inspection report indicating UCC compliance.
- A certificate may cover a portion that independently meets the UCC.
- The certificate may be suspended or revoked for issuance in error, incorrect applicant information, or UCC violation; the owner may request a board-of-appeals hearing before revocation.
- A temporary certificate may cover a portion before completion of all permitted work only if the portion may be occupied safely, and the official must set its validity period.
- The certificate must include the permit number and address, permit holder information, covered portion, issuing official, applicable code edition, designated occupancy and construction classifications, special stipulations and conditions, accessibility variances, and final-inspection date.
certificate issuance deadline: 5 business days
“A building, structure or facility may not be used or occupied without a certificate of occupancy issued by a building code official.”
Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Commercial Construction Provisions ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — A building or facility subject to the Pennsylvania UCC before use.
  “must be issued before a building or facility can be used.”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Buildings and facilities subject to the UCC in Dauphin County.
  “A UCC certificate of occupancy must be issued before a building or facility can be used.”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Use or occupancy of a residential building governed by the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code.
  “A residential building may not be used or occupied without a certificate of occupancy issued by a building code official.”
  Part XIV, Uniform Construction Code, Chapter 403 Administration ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
Zoning districtsPartial
Pennsylvania zoning requirements and district information; the official state source directs applicants to the local township, borough, or city.
- Local registrations, permits, and zoning requirements must be addressed with the township, borough, or city where the activity will occur.
- The source does not publish a statewide zoning-district map or a single statewide zoning-district schedule.
- This claim does not identify or aggregate individual municipal zoning districts.
“Local registrations, permits, zoning requirements and related questions should be directed to the township, borough, or city where you will be operating.”
Local Registrations, Permits, Zoning ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
SetbacksSpecified
Structures and utility facilities in designated bluff recession hazard areas (Lake Erie bluffs) under 25 Pa. Code Chapter 85; the state sets no general statewide building setback for ordinary lots
- Applies only in municipalities designated as having a bluff recession hazard area.
- Setback = average annual bluff recession rate x structure life span; 50 years for residential, 75 for commercial, 100 for industrial.
- Minimum setback is 25 feet where the formula yields less.
- Construction, installation or substantial improvement within the setback is barred except as provided under § 85.25 (DEP variances) or § 85.37(4) (municipal ordinance).
- Ordinary lot setbacks are left to municipal zoning, not set by state code.
minimum bluff setback distance: >= 25 feet (formula may require more; variances under § 85.25)
“the minimum bluff setback distance may not be less than 25 feet.”
25 Pa. Code § 85.22. Methods of determining minimum bluff setback distances ↗Re-checked Nov 6, 2026
Tiny homesLimited
Tiny houses on foundations (buildings) occupied as dwellings statewide; no tiny-house-specific or minimum dwelling size rule found
- UCC exemptions in 403.1(b) include manufactured or industrialized housing shipped from the factory, certain accessory structures under 1,000 sq ft, and recreational cabins meeting stated conditions
- An onlot sewage permit from the local agency is required before occupying a building served by an onlot system, except under 25 Pa. Code 72.22(c)-(h)
- Permit exemption under 72.22(e): owner- or immediate-family-occupied residential structure on a contiguous tract of 10 acres or more, owner of record as of January 10, 1987, unless local ordinance requires a permit; siting setbacks of 72.22(g) still apply
- Permit exemption under 72.22(h) for replacement dwellings of same or lesser size/use
- Zoning of tiny houses is left to municipalities and was not verified in this job
exempt tract size: >= 10 acres (owner of record as of 1987-01-10; local ordinance may still require permit)
“except when a local agency or municipality requires a permit by ordinance, no permit or official plan revision is required for the installation of an individual onlot sewage system for a residential structure occupied or intended to be occupied by the property owner or a member of the property owners immediate family on a contiguous tract of land 10 acres or more if the owner of the property was the owner of record as of january 10, 1987.”
34 Pa. Code § 403.1 (Scope) - Uniform Construction Code ↗Re-checked Nov 6, 2026
Manufactured homesLimited
Manufactured housing assembled and shipped by the manufacturer and bearing the required federal-construction-and-safety label, including changes in occupancy, resale, relocation, additions, repairs, utility connections, and grading addressed by Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code.
- For new labeled manufactured housing installed in conformity with the manufacturer's approved design, the UCC does not apply except as provided in the regulation.
- Construction activities or processes, including utility connections and grading, that are not addressed by the manufacturer's approved design must comply with the UCC.
- The UCC applies to alterations or repairs outside the federal manufactured-home standards and manufacturer installation instructions after assembly and shipment.
- The UCC applies to additions after delivery to the site.
- The UCC applies to construction, alteration, repair, or change of occupancy if the manufactured housing is resold to a subsequent purchaser.
- The UCC applies to construction, alteration, repair, or change of occupancy if the original purchaser relocates the manufactured housing.
- Pennsylvania building-permit guidance states that manufactured housing projects require inspections for site preparation, foundation construction, repairs, and changes in occupancy.
- This state construction-code rule does not resolve local zoning, land-use siting, or utility/septic approval requirements.
“Construction, alteration, repair or change of occupancy if the original purchaser relocates the manufactured housing.”
Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code, Chapter 403 ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Limited — New manufactured housing units and their assembly, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, or occupancy in Dauphin County.
  “The UCC administration and enforcement regulation that took effect on April 9, 2004, made new manufactured housing units subject to the UCC requirements, specifically, portions of Appendix E and other requirements found in the International Residential Code 2003 (IRC).”
  Uniform Construction Code Advisories ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
Accessory dwellingsLimited
Accessory dwellings statewide; state UCC applies to building/occupancy, zoning permission left to municipalities
- UCC accessory-structure exemption (carports, garages, greenhouses, sheds under 1,000 sq ft accessory to a detached one-family dwelling) does not list dwellings
- Onlot sewage permit required before occupying a building served by an onlot system, except 72.22(e) ten-acre owner/immediate-family exemption (owner of record as of January 10, 1987, unless local ordinance requires a permit) and 72.22(h) replacement-dwelling exception
- Local zoning of accessory dwellings was not verified in this job
“no person may install, award a contract for construction or construct an individual or community onlot sewage system, or install, construct, occupy or use a building to be served by that system without first obtaining a permit from the local agency, except as provided in subsections (c)(e).”
34 Pa. Code § 403.1 (Scope) - Uniform Construction Code ↗Re-checked Nov 6, 2026
Who permits septicMixed (with conditions)
Statewide regulation and administration of on-lot sewage facilities and septic systems in Pennsylvania.
- On-lot sewage permitting and enforcement are largely administered by local agencies, including individual municipalities, groups of municipalities, county departments of health, and joint county departments of health.
- Local agencies issue permits for retaining tanks and individual or community on-lot sewage systems that renovate sewage effluent in a soil absorption area or spray field.
- Large volume on-lot systems are an exception to the local-agency permitting responsibility identified on the DEP page.
- DEP provides technical oversight and financial assistance to local agencies.
- Delegated joint local agencies may receive additional DEP authority to review and approve or disapprove new land-development sewage-planning proposals, and depending on the delegation may process both on-lot and public sewerage proposals.
“Local Agencies are responsible for carrying out on-lot or onsite ("septic system") sewage treatment system permitting and enforcement activities. With certain exceptions (i.e. large volume on-lot systems), local agencies are responsible for issuing permits for retaining tanks or for individual and community on-lot sewage systems which renovate sewage effluent in a soil absorption area or spray field. [...] In some cases, Joint Local Agencies may obtain additional authority and responsibility from DEP by requesting Act 537 planning approval delegation.”
Act 537 Sewage Facilities ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Mixed (with conditions) — On-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County.
  “Local Agencies are responsible for carrying out on-lot or onsite ("septic system") sewage treatment system permitting and enforcement activities.”
  Municipal On-Lot Sewage Service Areas ↗Re-checked Sep 26, 2026
- Mixed (with conditions) — On-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County under Pennsylvania Act 537.
  “The onlot sewage facility portion of the program is largely administered on the local government level”
  Act 537 Sewage Facilities ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Mixed (with conditions) — On-lot sewage disposal in Dauphin County.
  “The Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act (Act 537) defines "Local Agency" as "a municipality, or any combination thereof acting cooperatively or jointly under the laws of the Commonwealth, county, county department of health or joint county department of health." Local Agencies are responsible for carrying out on-lot or onsite ("septic system") sewage treatment system permitting and enforcement activities.”
  Municipal On-Lot Sewage Service Areas ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
Septic permitRequired
Installation, construction, occupancy, or use of a building served by an individual or community onlot sewage system statewide.
- A permit must be obtained from the local agency before installation, contracting for construction, construction, occupancy, or use.
- Multiple chemical or portable toilets for temporary construction, recreation, or temporary facilities are covered by one permit.
- A permit is not required for a recycling, incinerating, or composting toilet where the existing onlot system is not altered.
- A permit exemption may apply to an individual onlot system serving an owner or immediate-family residence on a contiguous tract of at least 10 acres, subject to the owner-of-record date, local ordinance exception, notification, and siting requirements.
- A permit is not required for a replacement dwelling when the local agency determines the size and anticipated use are the same as or less than the prior dwelling and the prior dwelling was in use within one year, except during an active malfunction investigation.
permit-exemption tract size: >= 10 acres (Only under the specific owner/immediate-family and January 10, 1987 owner-of-record conditions.) · permit-exempt siting distance: >= 200 feet (Applies to septic tanks and absorption areas from listed property, water, floodplain, and related features.) · permit-exempt utility right-of-way distance: >= 10 feet · local-agency verification fee cap: <= 25 USD (For verifying siting of a permit-exempt system.)
“without first obtaining a permit from the local agency, except as provided in subsections (c)—(e).”
25 Pa. Code § 72.22. Permit issuance ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
2 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — Retaining tanks and individual or community on-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County.
  “With certain exceptions (i.e. large volume on-lot systems), local agencies are responsible for issuing permits for retaining tanks or for individual and community on-lot sewage systems which renovate sewage effluent in a soil absorption area or spray field.”
  Municipal On-Lot Sewage Service Areas ↗Re-checked Sep 26, 2026
- Required — Retaining tanks and individual or community on-lot sewage systems in Dauphin County, subject to Act 537.
  “local agencies are responsible for issuing permits for retaining tanks or for individual and community on-lot sewage systems”
  Municipal On-Lot Sewage Service Areas ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
Septic inspectionLimited
Individual and community sewage-disposal systems before concealment or covering after construction.
- The system may not be covered until approval to cover is given by the original permit issuer or authorized representative.
- If 72 hours have elapsed after notification of construction completion, excluding Sundays and holidays, the applicant may cover the system unless permission has been refused.
post-completion waiting period: 72 hours (Sundays and holidays excluded.)
“shall be covered from view until approval to cover the same has been given by the body which issued the original permit”
Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
Off-grid sanitationLimited
Composting, incinerating, recycling, and similar water-conservation toilets used for residential or establishment sanitation statewide.
- For a new residence or establishment, an onlot sewage system or other approved disposal method must treat washwater or excess liquid, and both facilities must be under one permit, except for the retaining-tank exception.
- For an existing residence or facility with no alteration of the onlot system, no permit is required for installation.
- A composting or incinerating toilet on a qualifying retaining-tank lot is treated as and permitted as a privy.
- The device must meet manufacturer specifications and be operated and maintained to prevent pollution or health hazards.
- Liquid discharges are prohibited unless sent to a compliant onlot sewage system or another method approved under the chapter or by DEP.
- Recycling, incinerating, and composting toilets must bear the NSF Standard No. 41 seal.
“an onlot sewage system or other approved method of sewage disposal shall be provided for treatment of washwater or excess liquid from the unit”
25 Pa. Code § 73.65. Recycling toilet, incinerating toilet or composting toilet ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
Well permitLimited
Water-well drilling statewide, distinguishing commercial water-well drillers from farmers and homeowners drilling their own wells on owned or leased land.
- Water-well drilling companies must obtain a license and permits.
- The licensing requirement does not apply to farmers or homeowners who drill their own water wells on their own or leased land.
- The state has construction standards for public water-supply wells but not private water wells.
- Drillers must submit the well's construction details to the state and the well owner.
driller license year: June 1-May 31 · annual driller license fee: 60 USD · rig permit fee: 20 USD
“Water well drilling companies must get a license and permits to drill a well in Pennsylvania.”
Apply for a Water Well Drillers License and Rig Permit ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
Mandatory utility hookupConditional
Connecting to an individual or community sewage system, or occupying a building for which such a system is to be installed, anywhere in Pennsylvania
- A permit is required before connecting to an individual or community sewage system, indicating the site, plans and specifications comply with Act 537 standards.
- No permit is required where a new dwelling replaces a previously existing dwelling of the same size and anticipated use that was in use within one year of anticipated completion of construction.
- That replacement exception does not apply when an active investigation of malfunction is under way by the local agency or the department.
- No permit may be issued by the local agency where a Department permit is required under the Clean Streams Law, or where the Department determines under its rules that a permit is not necessary for public health protection.
- Other exceptions in Section 7 (permit-exempt systems, local ordinance requirements) not fully reviewed; local agencies also may not issue permits unless the system is consistent with the municipality's official sewage plan.
- Water-supply (well) connection rules were not located in this source.
“no person shall install, construct, or award a contract for construction, or alter, repair or connect to an individual sewage system or community sewage system or construct, or request bid proposals for construction, or install or occupy any building or structure for which an individual sewage system or community sewage system is to be installed without first obtaining a permit”
Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act (Act 537), DEP copy, Section 7 Permits ↗Re-checked Nov 6, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Conditional — Completed construction subject to Pennsylvania UCC public electric or gas utility connections.
  “Connection to a public electric or gas utility for the completed construction may not occur unless the permit holder provides written proof to the utility company that the building or structure passed inspections under this chapter.”
  pa.gov ↗Re-checked Sep 26, 2026
Agricultural exemptionAvailable (with conditions)
Qualifying agricultural buildings under Pennsylvania's Construction Code Act and Uniform Construction Code.
- The exemption applies to an agricultural building as defined by the Act: a structure used to store farm implements, hay, feed, grain, or other agricultural or horticultural products; house poultry, livestock, or other farm animals; serve as a milk house; or grow mushrooms, agricultural, or horticultural products.
- The definition includes a qualifying carriage house owned and used by members of a recognized religious sect for housing horses and storing buggies.
- The definition includes a structure less than 1,000 square feet used to process maple sap.
- The structure must not include habitable space.
- The structure must not contain spaces where agricultural products are processed, treated, or packaged.
- The structure is not a place of occupancy by the general public.
- Other municipal land-use, zoning, fire, electrical, health, or environmental requirements may still apply; the cited exclusion is from the Construction Code Act.
maple sap processing structure area: < 1000 square feet (Must otherwise meet the statutory agricultural-building definition.)
“(b) Exclusions.--This act shall not apply to any of the following: [...] (4) Any agricultural building.”
Pennsylvania Construction Code Act — Chapter 1 ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Available (with conditions) — Agricultural buildings covered by Pennsylvania's Uniform Construction Code Act.
  ““Agricultural building.” A structure utilized to store farm implements, hay, feed, grain or other agricultural or horticultural products or to house poultry, livestock or other farm animals, a milk house and a structure used to grow mushrooms. The term includes a carriage house owned and used by members of a recognized religious sect for the purposes of housing horses and storing buggies. The term shall not include habitable space or spaces in which agricultural products are processed, treated or packaged and shall not be construed to mean a place of occupancy by the general public. [...] (4) any agricultural building;”
  Pennsylvania Construction Code Act ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
Driveway accessRequired
Construction or alteration of a driveway connected to Pennsylvania state highway land, including a driveway connecting to a PennDOT drainage facility.
- The requirement applies to building or changing a driveway on state highway land.
- A permit is also required if the driveway connects to a PennDOT drainage facility.
- Paving may be considered maintenance only in some cases; PennDOT advises applicants to contact it to determine whether that exception applies.
- Permits are usually given within 30 days when the needed information is provided and the application follows PennDOT regulations.
- PennDOT has 60 days to review each application and aims to finish reviews within 30 days.
- A minimum-use driveway is expected to be used by no more than 25 vehicles per day, or 50 average daily traffic.
minimum-use driveway traffic: <= 25 vehicles per day (Equivalent to 50 average daily traffic.)
“You need a permit when you're building or changing a driveway, road, drainage or utility facility on the state highway land.”
Apply for a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — Driveways, roads, drainage, or utility facilities built on state highway land in Dauphin County.
  “You need a permit when you're building or changing a driveway, road, drainage or utility facility on the state highway land. If it connects to a PennDOT drainage facility, you also need a permit.”
  Apply for a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit ↗Re-checked Sep 26, 2026
- Limited — Access to a state highway from property in Dauphin County.
  “No building permit shall be issued for any property which will require access to a highway under the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation unless the permit contains a notice that a highway occupancy permit is required pursuant to section 420 of the act of June 1, 1945 (P.L. 1242, No. 428), known as the State Highway Law, before driveway access to a State highway is permitted.”
  Pennsylvania Construction Code Act ↗Re-checked Oct 3, 2026
- Required — Construction or alteration of a driveway or road on Pennsylvania state highway land, and access connecting to a PennDOT drainage facility.
  “You need a permit when you're building or changing a driveway, road, drainage or utility facility on the state highway land.”
  Apply for a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
Building in a floodplainRequired
Development activities within a Special Flood Hazard Area in Pennsylvania municipalities.
- Municipalities must evaluate whether a project is within the SFHA and identify the type of work.
- Municipalities must review permit applications and issue or deny permits for SFHA development.
- Municipalities must conduct periodic inspections for compliance with proposed plans and the floodplain ordinance.
- After completion, municipalities review required certificates and issue a certificate of occupancy when the development complies with the local floodplain ordinance.
- Additional zoning permit requirements may apply when proposed land use changes.
“A floodplain development permit (or its equivalent) must be issued by the municipality before development activities occur within the SFHA.”
PennsylvaniA Floodplain Development Guide ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
3 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Required — Development within a Special Flood Hazard Area in Pennsylvania, including new construction, alterations, additions, substantial improvements, repairs of substantially damaged structures, placement of manufactured or temporary structures, infrastructure construction, waterway alteration, fill, grading, excavation, mining, and dredging.
  “Municipalities within Pennsylvania with SFHAs are required to join the NFIP, and, if suspended from the NFIP program, must take action to rejoin and comply with program requirements within 90 days of receiving a suspension notice. Act 166 requires that, at a minimum, municipalities adopt floodplain management ordinances that meet NFIP standards. [...] A floodplain development permit (or its equivalent) must be issued by the municipality before development activities occur within the SFHA.”
  Pennsylvania Floodplain Development Guide ↗Re-checked Sep 25, 2026
- Required — Construction in floodplains in Dauphin County subject to the UCC.
  “When construction will occur in a flood plain, documentation required in Section 1612.5 of the 2018 International Building Code shall be prepared and sealed by a registered design professional.”
  Apply for a Uniform Construction Code Building Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
- Limited — Activities subject to Pennsylvania Chapter 106 Floodplain Management permitting and authorizations.
  “The site restoration permit is only for the removal of a highway obstruction or obstruction owned or maintained by the Commonwealth”
  Permitting and Authorizations ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
Short-term rentalsLimited
Short-term lodging rentals of rooms, apartments, or houses for fewer than 30 days to the same person in Pennsylvania.
- The Pennsylvania hotel occupancy tax rate is 6 percent.
- Allegheny and Philadelphia counties have an additional 1 percent local hotel tax collected by the Department of Revenue.
- Some counties impose an additional tax collected by the county treasurer.
- If the taxpayer does not exclusively use a third-party booking site, or the broker does not collect and remit the hotel occupancy tax, the taxpayer must register with the Department of Revenue for a Sales, Use and Hotel Occupancy Tax License.
- If a taxpayer exclusively uses a third-party booking site and the broker confirms collection and remittance, the homeowner should not register for a Sales, Use and Hotel Occupancy Tax License.
lodging duration threshold: < 30 days (To the same person.) · Pennsylvania hotel occupancy tax rate: 6 percent
“anyone who rents out their property to provide lodging for less than 30 days to the same person must collect and remit”
Home-sharing/Third-party Broker Rentals ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
Permit feesVariable (with conditions)
Uniform Construction Code administration and enforcement fees applicable to building permits in Pennsylvania, including Dauphin County.
- A municipality or third-party agency enforcing the UCC may establish fees for administration and enforcement.
- Fees may cover plan review, inspections, and other UCC-related activities.
- The building code official or third-party agency must make the fee schedule available to the public.
- A municipality or third-party agency may establish a fee refund policy.
- A municipality may withhold issuance of a certificate or permit until a required fee is paid.
“A municipality or third-party agency that enforces the Uniform Construction Code may establish fees for its administration and enforcement”
Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code, Chapter 401 ↗Re-checked Oct 4, 2026
2 more reviewed findings on this topic
- Variable (with conditions) — PennDOT highway occupancy permits, including driveway permits, for work involving state highway land or a PennDOT drainage facility.
  “Permit costs vary. Please contact the district permit manager or consult our regulations. View the Pennsylvania Code, Title 67, Chapter 441.4 or driveway fees or Chapter 459.4 for utility fees.”
  Apply for a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
- Variable (with conditions) — PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit fees for driveways, local roads, and related facilities in Pennsylvania state highway rights-of-way.
  “Permit costs vary. Please contact the district permit manager or consult our regulations. View the Pennsylvania Code, Title 67, Chapter 441.4 or driveway fees or Chapter 459.4 for utility fees.”
  Apply for a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026
Campground & park staysLimited
RV use and occupancy at Pennsylvania state park campgrounds.
- Use must occur at a state park campground and comply with campsite rules.
- Campers may stay up to 14 consecutive nights from Memorial Day to Labor Day.
- Campers may camp up to 21 consecutive nights during the remainder of the year.
- Campers must vacate and remove all equipment for 48 hours between reservations.
- A maximum of two sleeping units is permitted per campsite, of which only one may be wheeled.
- Campsite occupancy is limited to one family unit or one non-family unit limited to five persons per site.
- The page does not establish statewide permission for long-term or residential RV occupancy outside state park campgrounds.
maximum stay, Memorial Day to Labor Day: 14 consecutive nights · maximum stay, remainder of year: 21 consecutive nights · equipment-removal interval between reservations: 48 hours · maximum sleeping units per campsite: 2 units (Only one may be wheeled.) · maximum non-family occupancy: 5 persons per site (One family unit is permitted instead.)
“maximum of two sleeping units are permitted per campsite, of which only one may be wheeled.”
RV and Tent Campsites ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Limited — Temporary camping at Pennsylvania state park campgrounds.
  “Campers may camp for up to 21 consecutive nights”
  RV and Tent Campsites ↗Re-checked Sep 12, 2026
county zoning authorityLimited
County zoning authority over land in Pennsylvania municipalities that lack an effective municipal zoning ordinance.
- County zoning power is limited to land in municipalities wholly or partly within the county that have no zoning ordinance in effect when the county zoning ordinance is introduced and until the municipal zoning ordinance becomes effective.
- A zoning ordinance enacted by a municipality other than the county repeals the county zoning ordinance pro tanto within that municipality.
- The statute defines a county under the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code as a county of the second through eighth class.
“The powers of the governing bodies of counties to enact, amend and repeal zoning ordinances shall be limited to land in those municipalities, wholly or partly within the county, which have no zoning ordinance in effect at the time a zoning ordinance is introduced before the governing body of the county and until the municipality's zoning ordinance is in effect. The enactment of a zoning ordinance by any municipality, other than the county, whose land is subject to county zoning shall act as a repeal protanto of the county zoning ordinance within the municipality adopting such ordinance.”
Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Section 602 ↗Re-checked Oct 5, 2026
One more reviewed finding on this topic
- Limited — Pennsylvania counties adopting and enforcing zoning ordinances on unincorporated land.
  “Section 602. County Powers.--The powers of the governing bodies of counties to enact, amend and repeal zoning ordinances shall be limited to land in those municipalities, wholly or partly within the county, which have no zoning ordinance in effect at the time a zoning ordinance is introduced before the governing body of the county and until the municipality's zoning ordinance is in effect.”
  Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code ↗Re-checked Sep 21, 2026
county building authorityLimited
Pennsylvania county authority over building-code administration and enforcement for residential construction in unincorporated areas.
- The general Pennsylvania Construction Code Act assigns administration and enforcement to municipalities, not counties.
- A county of the second class may retain authority only if it has adopted a plumbing code and accompanying rules and regulations under the Local Health Administration Law.
- The retained authority is limited to promulgating and enforcing that plumbing code and making changes that meet the minimum requirements of the Uniform Construction Code.
- The official Department of Labor and Industry page states that residential UCC requirements in opt-out municipalities are enforced by certified third-party agencies hired by property owners or contractors.
“A county of the second class that has adopted a plumbing code and accompanying rules and regulations pursuant to the act of August 24, 1951 (P.L.1304, No.315), known as the Local Health Administration Law, shall retain the authority to promulgate and enforce such plumbing code and to make such changes as it deems necessary, provided that such changes meet the minimum requirements as defined in the Uniform Construction Code.”
Pennsylvania Construction Code Act ↗Re-checked Oct 1, 2026

Set by your town or city, not the county

In Pennsylvania, zoning is adopted by each town or city, so Dauphin County has no county-wide answer on these. Find your town or city in the list of places on this page, or call its clerk or zoning administrator.

Minimum dwelling size
Minimum lot size
Lot coverage
Building height
Living in an RV
Camping on your land

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Is Dauphin County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Dauphin County scores 68/100 on the Bolthole Index, a strong county profile. Its strengths: mixed durability signals and low administrative friction for a quiet rural property. Watch-outs: about 47,437 people within a 30-minute drive.

How much does land cost in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania?

Land in Dauphin County runs about $10,895 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Dauphin County?

Dauphin County gets about 46" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 0.1% of years.

How remote is Dauphin County?

A representative private-land location has about 47,437 people within a 30-minute drive and 6,121,343 within two hours. The road-network catchments count population across county lines and clusters of smaller cities; straight-line radius values remain available as a comparison.

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania