Jefferson County, Indiana requires an Improvement/Building Permit for most construction and improvements in the county zoning jurisdiction.1 County zoning does not control parcels in the City of Madison, Town of Hanover or their buffer jurisdictions.2 A project with plumbing that is not connected to municipal sewer also needs a septic permit or approval letter from the Jefferson County Health Department.3
At a glance
- Building permit
- Required for most construction and improvements in the county zoning jurisdiction1
- Zoning
- Yes, outside Madison, Hanover and their buffer jurisdictions42
- Septic
- County Health Department approval is required for projects with plumbing that are not on municipal sewer3
- RV living
- Residential occupancy outside an approved campground or RV park is not permitted5
- Tiny home
- General tiny-home occupancy was not confirmed; accessory dwellings have specific size and use limits6
- Owner-builder
- No permit exemption was confirmed; ask Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection before starting work7
- Agricultural building
- The state design-release exemption does not settle local permit or zoning requirements8
- Private well
- The local permit rule was not confirmed; ask the Health Department before drilling9
Who to call
Building permits
Jefferson County Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection
County-jurisdiction building permits, inspections and zoning review; the Planning & Zoning Office also handles floodplain administration
315 Jefferson Street Annex Building Madison, IN 47250
Septic permits
Jefferson County Health Department
Septic permits or approval letters for projects with plumbing that are not connected to municipal sewer
Roads & driveways
Jefferson County Highway Department
County roads and bridges; contact the department to confirm entrance and culvert requirements
3135 Clifty Drive Madison, IN 47250
Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on September 27, 2026.
Do you need a building permit in Jefferson County, Indiana?
Yes. Jefferson County requires an Improvement/Building Permit for most improvements or construction in the county zoning jurisdiction, and demolition also requires a permit even though the county charges no demolition-permit fee.10 The county identifies exceptions that include swimming pools, fences, retaining walls, pavement, playhouses, basketball poles, mailboxes, lamp posts, and home cable or internet utilities.1 Indiana's statewide construction framework includes model building and residential codes amended for the state, with applicability depending on the structure.11 A qualifying agricultural building can be outside the state Class 1 design-release category, but that does not establish an exemption from Jefferson County permits, inspections or zoning.8 No owner-builder exemption from the county permit requirement was confirmed, so an owner planning to perform the work should ask the permit office who may apply and what licensed trades are required.7
Who issues Jefferson County building permits, and how do you reach them?
Jefferson County Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection is the first stop for county-jurisdiction permits, inspections, zoning and floodplain review.2 The office is at 315 Jefferson Street, Annex Building, Madison, IN 47250, and its main phone is 812-265-8925.2 To issue a permit, the office may require contractor information, electrical, elevation, floor-layout, HVAC and plumbing plans, estimated cost, intended use, payment, septic approval and a site plan showing property lines, setbacks and the proposed work.2 Payment must be by cash or check because the office does not accept debit or credit cards.2 The county office does not have zoning jurisdiction in the City of Madison, Town of Hanover or their buffer jurisdictions, so parcels mapped there must go to the relevant municipality.2
Does Jefferson County, Indiana have zoning?
Yes. Jefferson County operates a Plan Commission and a Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection department that administers the Unified Development Ordinance in the county zoning jurisdiction.4 The county office has no jurisdiction in the City of Madison, Town of Hanover or their buffer jurisdictions; the parcel's zoning map, rather than its mailing address, determines which office controls.2 Outside those municipal jurisdictions, the Plan Commission oversees and approves new subdivision plats, and new plats can require both primary and secondary approval.12 The parcel's zoning district and proposed use therefore need review before a buyer assumes a setback, minimum house size or land division will be approved.4 Jefferson County's general tiny-home occupancy rule was not confirmed, but a qualifying accessory dwelling has its own standards and cannot be a recreational vehicle, travel trailer, motor vehicle or another structure not intended for permanent human occupancy.6
How do septic permits work in Jefferson County?
A Jefferson County project involving plumbing that is not connected to municipal sewer needs a septic permit or approval letter from the Jefferson County Health Department before the building office can issue its permit.313 Indiana's residential onsite-sewage rule is administered by local boards of health and local health departments, with state review of local permit programs.14 Only about 7.3% of mapped Jefferson County soils avoid a “very limited” rating for a conventional septic drain field, so septic feasibility should be tested before fixing the house site or closing on land.15 Indiana sanitation rules generally require a compliant septic tank and soil absorption system when a dwelling cannot connect to sewer, while drywells and cesspools are not allowed for onsite sewage treatment.16 The county's separate septic-inspection sequence was not confirmed; ask the Health Department what evaluation, design, installer and inspection steps apply to the parcel.3
Can you live in an RV or tiny home in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County does not permit residential occupancy of an RV outside an approved campground or RV park in the county zoning jurisdiction.5 Recreational use outside a campground or RV park is limited to no more than 14 consecutive days, while stays beyond that limit are permitted only in an approved campground.5 A tiny home does not have a confirmed blanket approval: the county's general tiny-home occupancy classification was not confirmed, so present the intended structure, foundation, utilities and use to Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection before purchase.4 A lawful accessory dwelling is more specific: it must be between 220 and 800 square feet, cannot exceed half the primary dwelling's area, and is limited to one unit on a parcel with an existing lawful, owner-occupied single-family dwelling.6 An accessory dwelling also needs municipal sewer or approved septic service and must satisfy state and local building-code requirements.6
Building a home in Jefferson County: what are the steps?
- Give Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection the parcel information and confirm whether Jefferson County, Madison or Hanover has jurisdiction, then verify the zoning district, use and setbacks.42
- Ask the Jefferson County Health Department for the septic evaluation and approval sequence if the project will have plumbing but no municipal-sewer connection.313
- Confirm legal road access with the authority controlling the road; a connection to an Indiana state highway requires permission through INDOT's permit system.17
- Assemble the site plan and the building, trade and cost information requested by the county permit office, then submit the permit application and payment.2
- Schedule required inspections and obtain approval before occupancy; Indiana construction inspections and code jurisdiction depend on the structure and local government.18
What should you check before buying land in Jefferson County?
Start with jurisdiction and zoning because the county office does not control Madison, Hanover or their buffer jurisdictions.2 Make septic suitability a purchase contingency: only about 7.3% of mapped county soils avoid severe limitations for a conventional drain field.15 Check floodplain and floodway status before placing a home, driveway or fill because the county planning office handles local floodplain administration and Indiana DNR has jurisdiction over most floodway development.219 Confirm road ownership and entrance requirements with the Jefferson County Highway Department for a county road or with INDOT for a state highway.2017 Ask the Health Department whether a local private-well permit is required because Indiana's statewide guidance says some local health departments require one but does not identify Jefferson County.9 For carrying costs, the median property-tax bill is about $1,191 per year and the effective rate is about 0.7%, though the parcel's assessment controls the actual bill.2122
Watch-outs
- Jefferson County's planning office does not control parcels in Madison, Hanover or their buffer jurisdictions; confirm the mapped jurisdiction before relying on county rules.2
- Residential RV occupancy outside an approved campground or RV park is not permitted, and recreational use outside one is limited to 14 consecutive days.5
- A state agricultural design-release exemption does not automatically waive Jefferson County permit, zoning or inspection requirements.8
- The local private-well permit rule and a county owner-builder exemption were not confirmed; ask the Health Department and permit office before relying on either.97
Sources
- Building Permits & Inspection (2026 county census)
- Jefferson County Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection (jeffersoncounty.in.gov)
- Jefferson County, IN — Health Department (2026 county census)
- Jefferson County, IN — Planning, Zoning & Building Inspection (2026 county census)
- Can I live in a RV?, quoted and re-checked
- Jefferson County Unified Development Ordinance, quoted and re-checked
- Jefferson County, IN — Building Permits & Inspection (2026 county census)
- Plan Review FAQs (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Recommended Standards For Private Water Wells (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Building Permits & Inspection, quoted and re-checked
- Rules of the Indiana Fire Prevention and Building Safety Commission (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Planning & Zoning, quoted and re-checked
- Jefferson County Health Department (jeffersoncounty.in.gov)
- 410 IAC 6-8.3 Residential On-Site Sewage Systems (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Share of soils without severe limits for a conventional septic drain field (USDA SSURGO): Bolthole Index county data
- 410 IAC 6-8.3 Residential On-Site Sewage Systems (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- INDOT Driveway Permit Guide 2024 (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- DHS: Code Enforcement (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Water: Community Assistance & Information (Indiana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Jefferson County Highway Department (jeffersoncounty.in.gov)
- Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data
- Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
Written September 27, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.