Bolthole Index

Catron County, New Mexico

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Catron County, New Mexico

45Index Score / 100
#11 of 33 in New Mexico

Unincorporated Catron County, New Mexico has no county zoning, but construction covered by state law still requires the applicable state building permit1,2. The New Mexico Construction Industries Division handles residential building permits and inspections, while the New Mexico Environment Department handles onsite wastewater permits and inspections3,4.

Do you need a building permit in Catron County, New Mexico?

Yes, when New Mexico statute or rule requires one.

Yes, when New Mexico statute or rule requires one. Covered construction-related work in Catron County needs the applicable permit before work begins; the rule does not say that every project requires a permit2. Residential work regulated through CID receives foundation, slab or under-floor, frame, weather-resistive-barrier and final inspections, plus any other inspection needed for code compliance5. CID building fees are based on project valuation, with separate plan-review charges, and the permit is not valid until required fees are paid9. A qualifying owner may obtain a homeowner permit for a primary residence, but the owner must do the major portion of the work by dollar amount and meet the application, code and inspection requirements2.

Who handles Catron County building permits and inspections?

The New Mexico Construction Industries Division handles residential building permits and inspections in Catron County because the county has no local building department.

The New Mexico Construction Industries Division handles residential building permits and inspections in Catron County because the county has no local building department3. Use CID's state permit process for general construction and the applicable trade permits for electrical, plumbing, mechanical or LP-gas work covered by state rules10. CID accepts inspection requests through the contact information above5. Schedule inspections at the required stages and leave work visible until it passes. Final electrical, plumbing and mechanical inspections must precede the final general-construction inspection, after which the construction inspector issues the certificate of occupancy5. For a homeowner-permit project, the homeowner is responsible for requesting inspections, correcting violations and obtaining the certificate of occupancy or final inspection10.

Does Catron County, New Mexico have zoning?

Unincorporated Catron County has no county-administered zoning.

Unincorporated Catron County has no county-administered zoning1. As a zoning matter, the county therefore sets no setbacks, lot-coverage limit, building-height limit, zoning districts, RV-occupancy restriction or temporary-camping restriction on unincorporated land1. The no-zoning answer does not remove building, septic, subdivision, floodplain, health, utility, safety or private deed restrictions1. It also does not establish the rules inside an incorporated municipality or village, so verify the parcel's jurisdiction before relying on it1. Land division is separate from zoning: Catron County subdivision regulations and state water-availability review may apply even where county zoning does not11.

How do septic permits work in Catron County?

The New Mexico Environment Department administers onsite wastewater systems in Catron County.

The New Mexico Environment Department administers onsite wastewater systems in Catron County4. Obtain NMED approval before installing or modifying a regulated system; the application includes ownership proof, a site diagram, a floorplan and supporting documents6. Submit the complete package to the local field office, wait for approval or conditional approval, and pay only after NMED contacts you12,13. Request inspection 48 hours, or 2 business days, ahead and do not cover the system; approval leads to a Permit to Operate12. The published fee for a conventional system with design flow up to 1,000 gallons per day is $225, while system type and flow can change the amount12. Only 22.6% of county soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field, so establish septic feasibility before fixing the homesite8.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home in Catron County?

Unincorporated Catron County has no county zoning restriction on RV occupancy or temporary camping.

Unincorporated Catron County has no county zoning restriction on RV occupancy or temporary camping1. That is only a zoning answer: onsite wastewater, building, floodplain, utility, safety and private deed restrictions can still affect how a parcel is used1. A tiny house used as a dwelling on a permanent foundation is conditionally allowed under New Mexico's residential code and must provide permanent facilities for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation7. A tiny house on a chassis with a permanent axle is treated as an RV and must meet applicable RV codes and licensing rules; removing the axles and placing the unit on supports or a foundation brings the permanent-foundation tiny-house code into play7. Rules inside an incorporated municipality or village were not established by the county's no-zoning notice, so ask that municipality before placing or occupying either type of unit1.

What are the steps to build a home in Catron County?

Confirm that the parcel is in unincorporated Catron County and check subdivision, floodplain and private deed restrictions; the county's no-zoning status does not remove those controls.

  1. Confirm that the parcel is in unincorporated Catron County and check subdivision, floodplain and private deed restrictions; the county's no-zoning status does not remove those controls1.
  1. Establish septic feasibility, prepare the site diagram and other supporting documents, and submit the liquid-waste application to the local NMED field office6,13.
  1. Wait for NMED approval before paying, then arrange inspection before covering the system12.
  1. Submit the applicable construction plans and permit applications to CID and pay the required building and plan-review fees2,9.
  1. Request each required CID inspection and complete the trade finals before the final general-construction inspection5.
  1. Obtain the certificate of occupancy or final approval before treating the project as complete10.

What should you check before buying land in Catron County?

Check water and septic feasibility before closing: Catron County averages about 15.3 inches of precipitation a year, severe drought occurs in about 38.3% of years, and only 22.6% of soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field.

Check water and septic feasibility before closing: Catron County averages about 15.3 inches of precipitation a year, severe drought occurs in about 38.3% of years, and only 22.6% of soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field8. We could not confirm the private-well permit rule, so ask the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer what a proposed well requires. Confirm that any proposed land division complies with Catron County's subdivision regulations and state review requirements11. Verify legal access, road maintenance, flood exposure and recorded deed restrictions before relying on the county's no-zoning status1. About 63.1% of Catron County is federal land, making boundary and recorded-access review especially useful8.

Watch-outs

  • Catron County's no-zoning answer applies only to unincorporated land and does not displace building, septic, subdivision, floodplain or private deed restrictions1.
  • Only 22.6% of Catron County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional septic drain field, so confirm septic feasibility before buying8.
  • A homeowner permit is limited to the owner's primary residence and does not cover rental property, commercial work or a project managed by a licensed general contractor2.

Sources

13 official pages, each quoted and re-checked · written October 7, 2026

  1. Catron County Business License, Building Permit, Zoning and Flood Plain Certification
  2. rld.nm.gov
  3. NM RLD Construction Industries Division - Apply for a Permit (2026 county census)
  4. Liquid Waste Regulations
  5. Building Permit Guide for Residential Construction
  6. Apply for a Permit
  7. 14.7.3 NMAC — 2021 New Mexico Residential Building Code
  8. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  9. 14.5.5 NMAC — Permit Fees
  10. 14.5.2 NMAC — Permits
  11. County Subdivision Regulations
  12. Apply for a Permit
  13. New Mexico Environment Department, Liquid Waste (Onsite Wastewater) Program (env.nm.gov)

Written October 7, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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Compared with neighboring counties

Like all 6 of its neighbors, Catron County requires a building permit for a home.

RuleCatron CountyCibola CountySocorro CountyValencia CountyMcKinley CountySierra CountyGrant County
Building permitRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequired
County zoningNoNoNot publishedYesNoNoNo
Septic permitsNM Env. Dept.NM Env. Dept.NM Env. Dept.NM Env. Dept.NM Env. Dept.NM Env. Dept.NMED

County locator

Catron County in New Mexico

45
County map
Catron County highlighted among the New Mexico counties · colored by Index score

How Catron County scores

45 / 100 · #11 of 33 in New Mexico · six factors, land price, tax, rain and climate

Seclusion92100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency2393% ev.
Admin Boringness5790% ev.
Durability27100% ev.
Property Autonomy38100% ev.
Carry Cost87100% ev.

Evidence strength: 97%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$239kTypical home
0.3%Property tax
$620Land / acre
15.3"Annual rain
38.3% of yrsSevere drought
1 / yr (+0.9)Mid-century 100°F days
36 daysMid-century dry spell
0.98" (+8.2%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.27×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$1,171Home insurance / yr
-2.5% / yrInsurance growth
1.23%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
321Radius comparison (15 mi)
0.6People / sq mi
63.1%Federal land
78.8%Land at 15% slope or less
22.6%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
325,954 acWorkable land screen
44.7%Wooded land
16.2 tonsBiomass / forest ac
49°FAvg temp

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Cities and towns in Catron County

Inside a city or town, that city usually issues building permits and sets zoning; the county’s rules above cover unincorporated land. Septic, wells and floodplain rules usually stay with the county or state everywhere.

Village of Reserve

Answers from the rulebook for Catron County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Catron County rules

  • County-wide zoningAbsent

    County zoning in the unincorporated areas of Catron County.

    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    • The notice states it is effective through December 2026.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Local zoningAbsent

    County-administered local zoning in unincorporated Catron County.

    • The source expressly addresses unincorporated areas only.
    • The source does not establish whether incorporated municipalities or villages administer separate zoning.
    • Other land-use controls may still apply, including subdivision, floodplain, building, septic, health, utility, and safety requirements.
    • The notice states it is effective through December 2026.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
  • Zoning districts · by state lawNot published

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Minimum dwelling sizeNone (with conditions)

    County zoning-based minimum dwelling-size requirements in unincorporated Catron County.

    • No county zoning ordinance supplies a minimum dwelling size in the unincorporated areas because the county expressly states it has no zoning there.
    • State construction and building-code requirements may still apply.
    • Most new construction requires a New Mexico Construction Industries Division permit.
    • The county requires a floodplain certificate for most new construction.
    • The source does not establish rules of incorporated municipalities or villages.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Minimum lot sizeNone (with conditions)

    County zoning-based minimum lot-size requirements in unincorporated Catron County.

    • No county zoning ordinance supplies a minimum lot size in the unincorporated areas because the county expressly states it has no zoning there.
    • Subdivision and land-division requirements remain separate from zoning and may apply.
    • The county's ordinance materials include subdivision-related documents, but the opened sources did not establish a current countywide numeric minimum lot size.
    • The source does not establish rules of incorporated municipalities or villages.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Setbacks · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Lot coverage · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Building height · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Living in an RV · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Camping on your land · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Manufactured homes · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Accessory dwellings · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Catron County: no county rule sets this, because Catron County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The source addresses unincorporated areas only and does not establish zoning status inside incorporated municipalities or villages.
    • Other controls may still apply, including building permits, state construction requirements, floodplain certification, septic, subdivision, and land-division requirements.
    “This notice certifies that the County of Catron does not have zoning in the unincorporated areas of the County.”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Land subdivision in Catron County, including county subdivision regulations and state water-availability review.

    • Catron County subdivision regulations were recorded in 1997 as adopted by Ordinance Number 001-97.
    • Under the New Mexico Subdivision Act, counties must request an Office of the State Engineer agency opinion regarding water demand and availability for proposed subdivisions.
    • The cited sources do not establish that the 1997 regulations are the latest amendment or provide all current numeric thresholds.
    “Catron County Subdivision Regulations. (Filed by the County Clerk 04-09-98). Adopted by Ordinance Number 001-98. 254 pages/126 sheets. Transmittal letter, 1 page/sheet.”

New Mexico rules that apply here

  • Building permitRequired

    Buildings and structures regulated by the New Mexico Residential Code, including residential construction, alterations, repairs, additions, moves, improvements, removals, conversions, and demolitions, and state-administered commercial construction.

    • A permit must be obtained before covered work begins.
    • Residential exceptions include one-story detached accessory buildings used as tool or storage sheds, playhouses, and similar uses not exceeding 120 square feet; fences not over 6 feet high; specified retaining walls; certain water tanks, sidewalks, driveways, finish work, shallow prefabricated pools, playground equipment, window awnings, and detached decks.
    • Unless otherwise exempted, separate plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permits may still be required for otherwise exempted residential work.
    • Commercial applicants must be validly licensed with the appropriate license classification, submit the state building permit application, obtain any required city or county zoning approval, and pay the valuation-based fee before permit issuance.

    residential accessory-building exemption floor area: <= 120 square feet (One-story detached accessory buildings used as tool and storage sheds, playhouses, and similar uses.) · fence exemption height: <= 6 feet · water-tank exemption capacity: <= 5000 gallons (Height-to-diameter or width ratio must not exceed 2:1.) · detached-deck exemption area: <= 200 square feet (Deck must not be more than 30 inches above grade, must not be attached to a dwelling, and must not serve the required exit door.)

    “Except as specified in Section 105.2 IRC, no building or structure regulated by this code shall be erected, constructed, enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, improved, removed, converted, or demolished unless a permit has first been obtained from the building official.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Building, structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, and LP gas work in Catron County subject to CID jurisdiction.
      “no building or structure shall be erected, constructed, enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, improved, removed, converted or demolished, no electrical wiring, plumbing or mechanical work or LP gas work as defined and described in the applicable New Mexico construction codes for those trades, may be installed, repaired, altered or maintained in or on such building or structure, unless the applicable permit has first been obtained from the appropriate AHJ, unless otherwise provided by statutes or rule.”
    • Required — Construction-related work in Catron County for which a permit is required by New Mexico statute or rule.
      “A permit is required for all construction related work for which a permit is required by statute or rule.”
  • Owner-builder exemptionConditional

    A New Mexico property owner constructing or altering the owner’s single-family primary residence, including permitted appurtenant structures, under a homeowner’s permit.

    • The exemption is limited to construction or alteration of the owner’s primary residence; other use cancels the current permit and can result in denial of later homeowner permits.
    • The homeowner must comply with CILA, NMAC rules, applicable standards and codes, and may act as the general contractor only when the major portion of the work, based on dollar amount, is completed by the homeowner.
    • A permit is required for all construction-related work for which a permit is required by statute or rule; the rule does not exempt the owner-builder from state permitting or inspections.
    • Homeowner permits are limited to single-family dwellings and appurtenant structures such as private garages, carports and sheds, require proof of ownership, and are subject to AHJ approval.
    • The application requires an AHJ-approved application, signed and notarized responsibility sheet, acknowledgement of the homeowner-permit instructions, local zoning approval, floodplain determination, proof of identity and ownership, and payment of required fees.
    • Separate homeowner permits may be issued for general building construction, mechanical/plumbing and electrical work; each is limited to the primary residence and does not apply to rental property, other owned property, or commercial work or property.
    • The homeowner is responsible for requesting inspections, correcting code violations, and requesting re-inspections for a certificate of occupancy or final inspection. Subcontractors remain responsible for permits, inspections and corrections for plumbing, mechanical and electrical work they perform.
    • The homeowner may perform authorized work personally or with W-2 employees, or subcontract part of the work while self-performing a significant portion. Subcontracted work must be performed by licensed contractors who obtain their own permits and pass required inspections.
    • A homeowner permit is invalid for a project managed, supervised or acted on as general contractor by a GB-2 or GB-98 contractor; that contractor must obtain the appropriate permits and assumes responsibility for the site work.
    • Single-scope projects such as roofing or window installation are ineligible when subcontracted and not performed by the homeowner or valid W-2 employees.
    • Plumbing requires sufficient knowledge as determined by the TBC or CBO; a written examination with a minimum passing score of 75% may be required, failed examinations may not be repeated sooner than 30 days, and permitted plumbing work must be performed by the permittee.
    • Electrical work requires approved plans or drawings and a CID homeowner electrical exam with a minimum passing score of 75%; failed examinations may not be repeated sooner than 30 days, and permitted electrical work must be performed by the permittee.
    • A homeowner permit may not be issued for HVAC, natural gas or LP gas installations. HVAC and natural-gas work requires a properly licensed contractor and AHJ permitting and inspection; LP-gas work requires a properly licensed contractor and permitting and inspection through the LP gas trade bureau.
    • A homeowner-permit project may not be placed on the market for sale while under construction; doing so automatically voids the permit and may lead to unlicensed-contracting charges.
    • No more than one homeowner permit for a single-family dwelling may be issued to the same property owner within any 12-month period.
    • The cited rule section states an adoption/replacement date of March 10, 2022.

    homeowner electrical exam minimum passing score: >= 75 percent (Required after plan approval for issuance of a homeowner electrical permit.) · homeowner plumbing exam minimum passing score: >= 75 percent (The TBC or CBO may require the written examination.) · failed homeowner exam retest interval: >= 30 days (Failed plumbing and electrical examinations may not be repeated sooner.) · homeowner permits per single-family dwelling and property owner: <= 1 per 12 months

    “A homeowner permit allows homeowners to obtain permits for constructing or altering their primary residence without becoming a licensed contractor is strictly limited to construction and alteration of their primary residence. Any other use of a homeowner’s permit shall result in cancellation of the current homeowner permit and denial of any subsequent request for a homeowner permit. The homeowner licensing exemption requires conformity with CILA, its rules, standards and codes. This includes a homeowner acting as a general contractor for the project. The homeowner’s permit authorizes the homeowner to physically perform the work, alone or with legal employees, or act as a general contractor and subcontract portions of the work to licensed contractors. In order to qualify for the homeowner permit the major portion of the work to be performed, based on dollar amount, must be completed by the homeowner. A homeowner’s permit may only be issued to a property owner and only for the property owner’s primary residence occupied or intended to be occupied by the homeowner.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Conditional — Homeowner-builder permits for residential construction in Catron County
      “A person who is not appropriately, validly, and currently licensed by the division is not eligible to apply for or be issued a permit. Provided however, a homeowner’s permit may be issued to a residential property owner subject to the limitations of 14.5.2.18 NMAC”
    • Available (with conditions) — A property owner seeking a homeowner permit for the owner's primary residence in Catron County.
      “A homeowner permit allows homeowners to obtain permits for constructing or altering their primary residence without becoming a licensed contractor”
  • Building code adoptedAdopted (with conditions)

    Commercial construction, alteration, relocation, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal, and demolition of buildings or structures in New Mexico subject to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industries Division.

    • The 2021 New Mexico Commercial Building Code applies on or after July 14, 2023.
    • The rule does not apply when performed pursuant to a permit for which an application was received by CID before July 14, 2023.
    • Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories high with separate means of egress, and their accessory structures, must comply with the 2021 New Mexico Residential Building Code instead.
    • Existing buildings not subject to the residential code undergoing a change of occupancy, repair, alteration, or addition must comply with either the commercial building code or the existing building code, as applicable.
    • The rule adopts the 2021 International Building Code by reference, as amended by the rule.

    effective date: 2023-07-14 (unless a later date is cited at the end of a section) · adopted reference code: 2021 International Building Code (as amended by 14.7.2 NMAC)

    “14.7.2.5 EFFECTIVE DATE: July, 14, 2023, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. [...] 14.7.2.8 ADOPTION OF THE 2021 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE: A. This rule adopts by reference the 2021 International Building Code, as amended by this rule.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted — New Mexico construction, including residential construction in Catron County where state CID is the authority having jurisdiction.
      “2021 New Mexico Residential Building Code NMAC 14.7.3”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Detached one- and two-family dwellings, multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories high with separate means of egress, and their accessory structures in New Mexico subject to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industries Division.
      “14.7.3.5 EFFECTIVE DATE: July 14, 2023, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. From the date of publication of this rule in the New Mexico register, until December 14, 2023, permits may be issued under either the previously adopted rule, or this rule. After December 14, 2023, permits may be issued only under this rule. [...] A. This rule adopts by reference the 2021 International Residential Code, as amended by this rule.”
    • Adopted — Residential construction in New Mexico subject to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industries Division, including detached one- and two-family dwellings, qualifying townhouses, and their accessory structures.
      “This rule adopts by reference the 2021 International Residential Code, as amended by this rule.”
  • InspectionsRequired

    Residential construction in Catron County that is regulated by the New Mexico Building Code and proceeds through the New Mexico Construction Industries Division state building-permit process.

    • Required residential inspection stages are foundation, concrete slab or under-floor, frame, weather-resistive barrier, final, and any other inspection the Construction Inspector requires for code compliance.
    • Foundation inspection occurs after footing excavations and required reinforcing steel are complete; concrete-foundation forms must be in place, and additional inspections may be required for approved treated-wood foundations.
    • Concrete slab or under-floor inspection occurs after in-slab or under-floor service equipment, conduit, piping accessories, and ancillary equipment are in place but before concrete or floor sheathing, including subfloor, is installed.
    • Frame inspection occurs after the roof, framing, fire blocking, and bracing are in place; pipes, chimneys, and vents are complete; and rough electrical, plumbing, and heating wires, pipes, and ducts are approved.
    • Weather-resistive barrier inspection occurs after the barrier is installed and before it is covered.
    • Final inspection occurs after finish grading and completion when the building is ready for occupancy. Final electrical, plumbing, and mechanical inspections must occur before the final general-construction inspection; the Construction Inspector issues the Certificate of Occupancy after approving the final general-construction inspection.
    • Licensed plumbers and electricians performing work under the appropriate permits are responsible for coordinating plumbing, mechanical, and electrical inspections.
    • The guide lists inspection requests by email at CID.lnspection@state.nm.us or by telephone at 505-222-9813 or 877-243-0979.
    • The guide's building-permit exemptions include listed minor work: one-story detached accessory buildings up to 120 square feet, fences up to 6 feet, specified retaining walls, grade-supported water tanks up to 5,000 gallons with a height-to-diameter-or-width ratio no greater than 2:1, certain sidewalks and driveways, finish work, prefabricated pools less than 24 inches deep, playground equipment, certain window awnings, and qualifying decks. Separate plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permits may still be required for exempted items.
    “REQUIRED INSPECTIONS To request an inspection e-mail us at CID.lnspection@state.nm.us or call 505-222-9813 or 877-243-0979 [...] 1. FOUNDATION INSPECTION. [...] 2. CONCRETE SLAB or UNDER-FLOOR INSPECTION. [...] 3. FRAME INSPECTION. [...] 4. WEATHER-RESISTIVE BARRIER INSPECTION. [...] S. FINAL INSPECTION. [...] 6. OTHER INSPECTIONS.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Inspections for construction work regulated by New Mexico CID in Catron County
      “REQUIRED INSPECTIONS To request an inspection e-mail us at CID.lnspection@state.nm.us or call 505-222-9813 or 877-243-0979”
    • Required — Residential construction in Catron County subject to the New Mexico Construction Industries Division and the applicable authority having jurisdiction.
      “The following inspections are required unless otherwise indicated or as determined in the discretion of the TBC or CBO. [...] For work subject to the NMRBC.”
    • Required — State-administered residential and commercial construction requiring building permits.
      “REQUIRED INSPECTIONS To request an inspection e-mail us at CID.lnspection@state.nm.us or call 505-222-9813 or 877-243-0979”
  • Certificate of occupancyLimited

    Contracting work performed in New Mexico that is subject to Construction Industries Division jurisdiction; for occupancy of a building or portion of a building on which construction has been undertaken.

    • The rule applies to CID-jurisdiction contracting work performed after March 10, 2022, unless performed under a permit whose CID application was received before that date.
    • Occupancy requires either a certificate of occupancy or an approved final inspection, as applicable.
    • A C/O cannot be issued until all required inspections have been performed and the appropriate inspectors have approved the work.
    • For a residence constructed under a homeowner's permit, a C/O for new construction or an approved final inspection for a remodel must expressly state that the residence was constructed or remodeled pursuant to a homeowner permit.
    • A temporary C/O may be issued for 30 days or more only with TBC or CBO approval, when the AHJ's analysis finds it appropriate and life, safety, or health will not be adversely affected; a written request, good cause, and an existing valid temporary C/O are required for an extension, which may not exceed 12 months.
    • A C/O or approved final inspection is invalid until code violations discovered afterward are corrected and the C/O is re-issued or final inspection approved; it does not certify compliance with requirements of other regulatory agencies.
    • The general construction TBC or issuing AHJ CBO may suspend or revoke a C/O or reverse an approved final inspection if it was issued in error or based on incorrect information, or if the work violates applicable New Mexico construction code, CILA, or its rules.
    • Reinstatement requires appropriate CBO approval and payment of any fee assessed under 14.5.5 NMAC or local ordinance.

    temporary C/O initial period: >= 30 days (Only if approved by the TBC or CBO and the AHJ finds it appropriate without adverse life, safety, or health effects.) · temporary C/O extension maximum: <= 12 months (Requires written extension request and good cause for a current, valid temporary C/O.)

    “No building, or portion thereof, on which construction has been undertaken shall be occupied until the appropriate inspector has issued a C/O or an approved final inspection, as applicable.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Residential construction performed under a New Mexico homeowner permit.
      “The homeowner is responsible for requesting inspections, correcting code violations and requesting required re-inspections to obtain a certificate of occupancy or final inspection as applicable.”
    • Required — New residential construction in Catron County subject to the New Mexico Construction Industries Division residential permitting and inspection process.
      “The Construction Inspector will issue the Certificate of Occupancy to the contractor after approving the final general construction inspection.”
    • Required — Buildings constructed under work subject to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industries Division (CID); occupancy requires a certificate of occupancy (C/O) or approved final inspection.
      “no building, or portion thereof, on which construction has been undertaken shall be occupied until the appropriate inspector has issued a c/o or an approved final inspection, as applicable.”
  • Tiny homesAllowed (with conditions)

    Tiny houses used as single dwelling units providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons in Catron County, including unincorporated areas, under New Mexico's statewide residential building code.

    • The tiny house must provide permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation and be placed on a permanent foundation.
    • Tiny houses must comply with the New Mexico Residential Building Code, except as otherwise stated in Appendix AQ.
    • Tiny houses constructed in New Mexico or constructed outside New Mexico and transported into New Mexico must be inspected to comply with New Mexico Residential Code requirements for in-state or out-of-state production of dwelling units, including Appendix Q of the New Mexico Residential Code.
    • A tiny house on a chassis with a permanent axle is considered a recreational vehicle and must meet applicable codes and be licensed as a recreational vehicle while the axle remains in place.
    • If axles are removed and the unit is placed on supports or a foundation, it must comply with code requirements for tiny houses placed on a permanent foundation.
    • Tiny houses on a permanent foundation must comply with New Mexico Building Residential Codes, including Appendix AQ of the International Residential Code.
    • The rule applies to construction, use, and occupancy subject to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industries Division; construction not addressed in the New Mexico Residential Building Code must comply with the New Mexico Commercial Building Code.
    • The rule's stated effective date is July 14, 2023; permits could be issued under either the prior rule or this rule until December 14, 2023, and after December 14, 2023 permits could be issued only under this rule. Appendix AQ is marked amended January 13, 2025.

    maximum floor area: <= 400 square feet excluding lofts (Recreational vehicles are excluded from the tiny-house definition.) · loft area: <= 40 percent of floor area (The total area of all lofts may not exceed 40 percent of the floor area.)

    “This appendix shall be applicable to tiny houses used as single dwelling units [...] and placed on a permanent foundation.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Allowed (with conditions) — Tiny houses used as single dwelling units with complete independent living facilities and placed on a permanent foundation statewide in New Mexico.
      “This appendix shall be applicable to tiny houses used as single dwelling units providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons”
  • Who permits septicState

    Liquid-waste and septic permitting and inspection in Catron County.

    • NMED reviews applications through the local NMED field office.
    • NMED may grant, condition, or deny a permit.
    • Appeals must be filed with the NMED Secretary within 15 working days after notice of the action.
    “Submit Complete Application Package to the local NMED Field Office for review”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • State — Onsite wastewater systems in Catron County.
      “Bernalillo County is the only county in New Mexico that has its own onsite wastewater ordinance.”
    • State — On-site liquid waste systems and effluent receiving 5,000 gallons or less per day and not requiring a discharge plan or NPDES permit.
      “20.7.3.1 ISSUING AGENCY: New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Installation or modification of a new or existing on-site liquid waste system, including residential or commercial units on lots for which such a system is required.

    • A permit issued by the New Mexico Environment Department, including payment of the permit fee, is required before construction or modification.
    • A permit is not required for graywater discharges or systems meeting 20.7.3.810 NMAC.
    • A dwelling may not be constructed, modified, or transported onto a lot requiring an on-site liquid waste system unless the department has issued the permit beforehand.
    • Other state, city, county, or federal approvals may also be required.
    • The department generally acts within 10 working days after a completed conventional-system application, subject to the rule's extension for potentially more stringent requirements.

    maximum regulated flow: <= 5000 gallons per day (20.7.3.2 NMAC scope limitation) · permit application completeness determination: 5 working days (Conventional systems) · conventional permit decision: 10 working days (After receipt of a completed application; review may extend to 20 working days when more stringent requirements may be necessary)

    “No person shall install or have installed a new on-site liquid waste system or modify or have modified an existing on-site liquid waste system, unless that person obtains a permit issued by the department, including payment of the permit fee, prior to construction of such installation or modification.”
    4 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — New, modified, or otherwise regulated onsite wastewater systems in Catron County administered through NMED's Liquid Waste Program.
      “No person shall install or have installed a new on-site liquid waste system or modify or have modified an existing on-site liquid waste system, unless that person obtains a permit issued by the department”
    • Required — Liquid-waste and septic systems in Catron County, administered under the New Mexico Environment Department statewide liquid-waste permitting process.
      “Print and fill out an Application for Liquid Waste Permit”
    • Required — Construction, installation, registration, or modification of liquid-waste systems in Catron County.
      “After the permit to construct has been issued, you may install the system in accordance with the permit and as long as the permit is valid.”
    • Required — Installation or modification of on-site liquid waste (septic) systems receiving 5,000 gallons or less per day, statewide
      “no person shall install or have installed a new on-site liquid waste system or modify or have modified an existing on-site liquid waste system, unless that person obtains a permit issued by the department, including payment of the permit fee, prior to construction of such installation or modification.”
  • Septic inspectionLimited

    Property transfers involving property with an established on-site liquid waste system, subject to the applicable local exception for unincorporated Bernalillo County.

    • Before transfer, the transferor must have the established on-site liquid waste system evaluated.
    • The evaluation must be performed by an evaluator qualified under 20.7.3.904(B) using a department-approved form.
    • Unpermitted systems must be registered under 20.7.3.401(J) or permitted under 20.7.3.401(K).
    • Evaluators must submit copies of evaluation reports, whether completed or not, to the department within 15 days.
    • A permit or variance application must be submitted within 15 days of the evaluation to correct deficiencies or permit violations identified by the evaluation.
    • Advanced treatment systems and holding tanks have additional ownership-transfer, maintenance-contract, sampling, and permit-amendment requirements.
    • An inspection or evaluation performed within the prior 180 days may support an extension request if the permitted system has not been used since that inspection or evaluation.

    evaluation-report submission deadline: 15 days (Evaluators must submit copies of all reports, whether completed or not) · permit or variance application deadline after evaluation: 15 days (Applies when correcting deficiencies or permit violations identified by the evaluation) · possible evaluation extension lookback: 180 days (The system must not have been in use since the inspection or evaluation)

    “Prior to the transfer of a property with an established on-site liquid waste system, the transferor of the property shall have the system evaluated. Liquid waste systems shall be evaluated by an evaluator qualified in accordance with Subsection B of 20.7.3.904 NMAC utilizing a department approved form.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Liquid-waste systems installed or modified in Catron County.
      “Request inspection by NMED a minimum of 48 hours (2 business days) in advance. Do not cover the system before inspection.”
    • Required — Onsite wastewater systems requiring NMED inspection in Catron County.
      “Request Inspection by NMED 48 hours (2 business days) in advance (DO NOT COVER BEFORE INSPECTION)”
  • Off-grid sanitationLimited

    Privies, permitted on-site liquid waste systems, and qualifying private residential graywater discharges statewide.

    • A privy may dispose of human excreta and toilet paper but not other liquid wastes.
    • Untreated liquid waste must go to a permitted and approved enclosed system, permitted and approved treatment unit, or public sewer, except qualifying graywater.
    • Graywater under 250 gallons per day may be used for household gardening, composting, or landscaping irrigation only if all listed conditions are met, including no runoff, no spraying, no watercourse discharge, floodway exclusion, five-foot groundwater separation, local ordinance compliance, 24-hour storage limit, and specified well setbacks.
    • Graywater use for purposes other than irrigation or composting requires a department permit.

    private residential graywater discharge: < 250 gallons per day (Qualifying graywater discharge under 20.7.3.810 NMAC) · graywater setback from private domestic well: >= 100 feet · graywater setback from public water supply well: >= 200 feet · graywater storage before discharge: <= 24 hours

    “A privy may be used for the disposal of human excreta and toilet paper, but not for the disposal of other liquid wastes.”
  • Well permitRequired

    Drilling a water well in New Mexico, including domestic, livestock, and other uses addressed by the Office of the State Engineer.

    • A permit to drill must be obtained from the Office of the State Engineer before drilling.
    • If the groundwater source is unclear, an exploratory permit may first be obtained; if that well produces water, a permit to use the water may then be obtained.
    • Domestic wells are allowed by state law unless prohibited by a local ordinance. Domestic use includes household purposes, noncommercial watering of domesticated animals, and irrigation of noncommercial lawn, garden, trees, or landscaping up to one acre.
    • Well-drilling permits may also be obtained for drinking and sanitary water at governmental or commercial facilities and for livestock purposes.
    • An applicant drilling on land not owned by the applicant must submit written authorization with the well-permit application.
    • The permits described by the Office of the State Engineer automatically expire unless the well is completed within one year of issuance; after expiration, a new application and additional filing fee are required before drilling.
    • For domestic well permits under 19.27.5 NMAC, drilling and the amount and uses of permitted water remain subject to additional or more restrictive limitations imposed by a court or lawful municipal or county ordinance.

    domestic noncommercial irrigation limit: <= 1 acre (Applies to noncommercial lawn, garden, trees, or landscaping included in domestic use.) · permit completion deadline: <= 1 year from permit issuance (The permit automatically expires if the well is not completed within this period.)

    “Before you have a well drilled, you must first obtain a permit to drill from the Office of the State Engineer.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Use of water (including from wells) in New Mexico; permits obtained through the local Office of the State Engineer water rights district office
      “anyone wanting to use water in new mexico must have a permit from the state engineer that can be obtained by contacting your local district office.”
  • Mandatory utility hookupConditional

    Residential and commercial units using an on-site liquid waste system when a public sewer is available and connection is required by the local authority with jurisdiction.

    • A public sewer is deemed available when it has capacity and is located in a thoroughfare, right-of-way, or easement abutting the lot.
    • The on-site system must be properly abandoned within 30 days after connection.
    • The state rule does not itself identify which local authority will require connection.

    abandonment deadline after sewer connection: 30 days

    “All residential and commercial units utilizing an on-site liquid waste system shall connect to a public sewer upon availability and if required in accordance with the local authority that has jurisdiction.”
  • Agricultural exemptionConditional

    Statewide agricultural exemption from the New Mexico Subdivision Act for the sale, lease, or other conveyance of a parcel of at least 35 acres.

    • The parcel must be thirty-five acres or larger.
    • The conveyance must occur within a twelve-month period covered by the statutory exception.
    • The land must have been used primarily and continuously for agricultural purposes, in accordance with Section 7-36-20 NMSA 1978, for the preceding three years.

    minimum parcel size: >= 35 acres · agricultural use duration: >= 3 years (land must have been used primarily and continuously for agricultural purposes in accordance with Section 7-36-20 NMSA 1978) · conveyance period: 12 months (within any twelve-month period)

    “the sale, lease or other conveyance of any parcel that is thirty-five acres or larger in size within any twelve-month period; provided that the land has been used primarily and continuously for agricultural purposes, in accordance with Section 7-36-20 NMSA 1978, for the preceding three years;”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Conditional — New Mexico contractor licensing requirements for earthmoving, excavating, and ditching activities used in preparation or production of agriculture or maintenance of livestock on a farm or ranch.
      “earthmoving, excavating and ditching activities applicable to the preparation and production of agriculture or maintenance of livestock on a farm or ranch are exempt from licensing requirements.”
    • Conditional — Agricultural land divisions and conveyances that would otherwise fall within the New Mexico Subdivision Act definition.
      “provided that the land has been used primarily and continuously for agricultural purposes, in accordance with Section 7-36-20 NMSA 1978”
  • Shed and accessory-building permit exemptionAvailable

    One-story detached accessory structures for residential construction subject to Construction Industries Division jurisdiction.

    • The exemption is limited to a one-story detached accessory structure with floor area not exceeding 120 square feet.
    • The exemption concerns the building permit requirement; unless otherwise exempted, separate plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permits may still be required.
    • The applicable 14.5.2 NMAC amendment to the permit-exception provision is effective July 14, 2023.

    maximum floor area: <= 120 square feet (One-story detached accessory structures under the residential exception.)

    “One-story detached accessory structures provided that the floor area does not exceed 120 square feet (18.58 m2).”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    New subdivision access, commercial access, or modified lawful access involving a New Mexico state highway in Catron County.

    • Requests must be made on the access permit application.
    • The applicant must satisfy all pertinent requirements of 18.31.6 NMAC.
    • Individual-use access requests may have the traffic engineering evaluation waived, but the department may conduct an evaluation.
    • The quoted rule concerns subdivisions, commercial developments, and other-than-individual-use access.
    “As of June 9, 1989, no person shall construct or modify any permanent or temporary access providing direct vehicular movement to or from any state highway from or to property in close proximity to or adjoining a state highway without an access permit issued by the New Mexico department of transportation.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Permanent or temporary direct vehicular access from property in close proximity to or adjoining a New Mexico state highway.
      “no person shall construct or modify any permanent or temporary access [...] without an access permit issued by the New Mexico department of transportation.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    Construction or development within a FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area in a New Mexico community, and proposed construction or other development in communities where FEMA has not defined a Special Flood Hazard Area.

    • Approval by the local community Floodplain Administrator is required before construction or development within any Special Flood Hazard Area.
    • Where FEMA has not defined the Special Flood Hazard Area, the community must require permits for all proposed construction or other development, including manufactured homes, to determine whether the activity is in a flood-prone area.
    • Approval is intended to ensure compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance.
    • The source identifies 104 New Mexico communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program; the administering official is the applicable local community Floodplain Administrator, not the state agency.
    “Approval by the local community Floodplain Administrator is required before construction or development begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    New Mexico CID construction permits and NMED liquid-waste permits applicable in Catron County.

    • CID permit fees are due at issuance and a permit is not valid until required fees are received.
    • CID building fees are calculated by valuation, with additional plan-review and preliminary-review percentages.
    • NMED liquid-waste fee amounts are listed with an effective date of July 1, 2020; the cited page lists different amounts by system type and design flow.

    general construction building permit fee up to $15,000 valuation: per 3 USD per $1,000 valuation · general construction building permit fee over $15,000 valuation: per 1 USD per $1,000 valuation · plan review fee: per 20 percent of building permit fee · preliminary plan review fee: per 50 percent of combined building permit and review fee

    “The fee for a building permit shall be: (1) $3.00 per $1,000.00 valuation up to $15,000.00; and (2) $1.00 per $1,000.00 valuation over $15,000.00.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Published — NMED liquid-waste permit fees applicable in Catron County.
      “Conventional system, register, construct, or modify design flow up to 1,000 gpd | 7/1/20 | $225.00”
    • Variable (with conditions) — New Mexico Construction Industries Division general building permitting fees applicable to residential construction in Catron County.
      “Permitting Fees are based upon type of construction, square footage, type of materials and construction costs.”
    • Variable (with conditions) — New Mexico Construction Industries Division permitting fees for covered construction work statewide.
      “Permitting Fees are based upon type of construction, square footage, type of materials and construction costs.”
  • Permit processPublished (with conditions)

    Liquid-waste permit applications and installation in Catron County under the New Mexico Environment Department process.

    • NMED may grant the permit, grant it with conditions, or deny it.
    • Conventional systems may take up to five business days for completeness review and ten business days for a decision.
    • Advanced Treatment Systems may take up to ten business days for completeness review and twenty business days for a decision.
    • The variance process takes a minimum of twenty days for public notification and review.
    • Payment is due only after NMED notifies the applicant of approval or approval with conditions; after payment, a Permit to Construct is issued.
    • The Permit to Construct is valid for one year, subject to possible written extension, generally up to one year.
    • Inspection must be requested at least 48 hours or two business days in advance, and the system must not be covered before inspection.
    • After an approved final inspection, NMED issues a Permit to Operate.
    • An appeal of a denial or objected-to conditions must be filed in writing with the NMED Secretary within 15 working days after notice of the NMED action.

    conventional completeness review: <= 5 business days · conventional decision: <= 10 business days · advanced-treatment completeness review: <= 10 business days · advanced-treatment decision: <= 20 business days · variance process: >= 20 days (public notification and review) · Permit to Construct validity: 1 year (may be extended in writing by the Department, in most cases up to one year) · inspection notice: >= 48 hours (2 business days) · appeal deadline: <= 15 working days (after notice of NMED action)

    “After the payment is received, a Permit to Construct (PtC) will be issued.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Published (with conditions) — NMED liquid-waste permitting in Catron County.
      “Conventional Systems may take up to five (5) business days for completeness check and ten business (10) days to return a decision.”
    • Published (with conditions) — Homeowner residential building-permit applications administered by the New Mexico Construction Industries Division for construction in Catron County.
      “The submittal requirements for a homeowner’s building permit are as follows:”
    • Published (with conditions) — Construction Industries Division permit applications in New Mexico.
      “Permits can also be completed using our online permitting portal.”
  • Campground & park staysLimited

    A tiny house constructed on a chassis with a permanent axle in New Mexico.

    • The unit is considered a recreational vehicle and must meet recreational-vehicle codes and be licensed as a recreational vehicle while the axle remains in place.
    • This is a statewide construction and classification rule for chassis-mounted tiny houses; it does not establish a general statewide authorization for long-term RV occupancy on private land.
    • Local planning and zoning approval may independently apply to a project.

    permanent axle condition: The recreational-vehicle classification applies so long as the axle remains in place.

    “Tiny houses constructed on a chassis with permanent axle shall be considered recreational vehicles and shall meet codes for and be licensed as recreational vehicles so long as the axle remains in place.”
  • county zoning authorityGeneral

    New Mexico counties adopting zoning for all or part of unincorporated territory outside municipal zoning jurisdiction.

    • A county zoning ordinance may apply only to territory not within the zoning jurisdiction of a municipality.
    • Municipalities may have concurrent extraterritorial zoning authority in specified areas, including areas near municipalities meeting statutory population thresholds and additional contiguous territory placed under municipal extraterritorial jurisdiction by county-municipal agreement.
    • Concurrent extraterritorial authority is exercised under an extraterritorial zoning authority or joint powers agreement and may be exercised regardless of whether the county has enacted a comprehensive zoning ordinance.
    • If no county zoning ordinance exists, qualified electors may petition for adoption; the petition must equal at least twenty-five percent of the votes cast for governor at the last preceding general election, and the board of county commissioners must adopt a county zoning ordinance within one year.

    minimum petition threshold: >= 25 percent of votes cast for governor at the last preceding general election · county ordinance adoption deadline after qualifying petition: 1 year

    “a county zoning authority may adopt a zoning ordinance applicable to all or any portion of the territory within the county that is not within the zoning jurisdiction of a municipality;”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • General — New Mexico counties may adopt zoning ordinances for all or any portion of county territory that is not within a municipality's zoning jurisdiction.
      “A.  a county zoning authority may adopt a zoning ordinance applicable to all or any portion of the territory within the county that is not within the zoning jurisdiction of a municipality;”
  • county building authorityGeneral

    New Mexico counties that establish and maintain a building department for permitting and inspections of general construction, mechanical-plumbing, and electrical work, including residential construction in unincorporated areas.

    • CID retains statewide permitting and inspection authority unless a county, municipality, or political subdivision has a current building department providing permitting and inspections.
    • To establish and maintain a building department, the county must establish a full-service building department covering general construction, mechanical-plumbing, and electrical trades; employ a full-time certified building official; and employ sufficient CID-certified inspectors for each trade.
    • The county authority does not include liquefied petroleum work, over which CID has exclusive authority.
    • CID conducts all inspections if the county lacks a certified building official.
    • If the certified building official leaves, plan review, permitting, and inspections transfer to the state unless the county replaces the official within 60 days or a longer period approved by the division, or enters a memorandum of understanding with another county, municipality, or political subdivision.

    replacement period for certified building official: 60 days (A longer period may be approved by the division.)

    “In order to establish and maintain a building department allowing permitting and inspections the county, municipality or political subdivision must establish a full-service building department including general construction, mechanical-plumbing and electrical trades, must employ a full-time certified building official and employ sufficient CID certified inspectors to inspect for each trade.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — New Mexico counties that qualify as an authority having jurisdiction may administer permitting, inspection, and enforcement for residential construction in unincorporated areas and enforce applicable New Mexico construction codes.
      ““Authority having jurisdiction” “AHJ” means the state or a municipality, county or other political subdivision that has a full-service building department employing a full-time certified building official and has permitting, inspection and enforcement authority over the general construction, electrical and mechanical-plumbing trades within its jurisdiction.”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Short-term rentals — Short-term rental use in unincorporated Catron County.

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Water rights & wells in Catron County

Whether a new home can legally get its own water here — the sub-state groundwater regime, from New Mexico’s water agency.

Over-appropriated / declining

The aquifer here is over-appropriated and declining. A domestic well is usually still permit-exempt, but long-term supply is a genuine risk.

Household wellPermit required (issued by right)

Nearly all developed New Mexico lies inside an OSE 'declared' underground water basin, but a household 72-12-1.1 domestic well is a by-right permit the State Engineer issues even in closed/over-appropriated basins (metering can be required). The by-right amount is cut to 0.25 acre-ft/yr in a declared Domestic Well Management Area, and a few basin-specific orders cap it further (Gallup Order 197, Zuni Order 199) or stop issuing new domestic permits entirely (Hot Springs Order 198).

Limit: 1 acre-ft/yr by right (NMSA 72-12-1.1); 0.25 acre-ft/yr in a declared Domestic Well Management Area

NM OSE domestic well rules, 19.27.5 NMAC ↗
  • Zuni Salt Lake Area (Order 199, Gallup Basin)localized of county

    State Engineer Order 199 (2023) closes this area to new non-domestic appropriations and caps a household domestic well at 0.50 acre-ft/yr with a mandatory meter; relevant to off-grid buyers near the lake in southern Catron County.

    NM OSE State Engineer Order 199 ↗
  • Gila-San Francisco Underground Water Basinpartial of county

    OSE-declared Article-7 groundwater basin; new non-domestic (72-12-3) appropriations require an OSE permit showing unappropriated water. The 72-12-1.1 household domestic well remains by-right — no Domestic Well Management Area is declared in New Mexico. Gila/San Francisco drainages; appropriation and transfer are tightly constrained by the Gila adjudication and the federal Arizona Water Settlements Act.

    NM OSE Article 7 (Declared Underground Water Basins) ↗

Prior-appropriation state (first in time, first in right). Groundwater rules change and basin boundaries follow the aquifer, not the county line — confirm current well and appropriation rules with the New Mexico state water agency before you buy or drill.Groundwater governance as of Jul 2026, cited to each administering agency.

Living off-grid in Catron County, New Mexico

Is Catron County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Catron County scores 45/100 on the Bolthole Index, a marginal county profile. Its strengths: deep seclusion — about 321 people within 15 miles and manageable long-term carry cost. Watch-outs: thin water margin (15.3″/yr rainfall) and elevated current hazard exposure.

How much does land cost in Catron County, New Mexico?

Land in Catron County runs about $620 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Catron County?

Catron County gets about 15.3" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 38.3% of years. On water rights, Catron County lies in the Zuni Salt Lake Area (Order 199, Gallup Basin) — State Engineer Order 199 (2023) closes this area to new non-domestic appropriations and caps a household domestic well at 0.50 acre-ft/yr with a mandatory meter; relevant to off-grid buyers near the lake in southern Catron County..

How remote is Catron County?

A typical private-land location has about 321 people within 15 miles and 170,653 within 100 miles. These radius catchments are the published fallback where road routing is unavailable.

How Catron compares in New Mexico

Compare side-by-side →See all 33 New Mexico counties ranked →