Bolthole Index

Franklin County, Alabama

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Franklin County, Alabama

76Index Score / 100
#23 of 67 in Alabama

Unincorporated Franklin County, Alabama has no general county building-permit requirement, but development in a mapped flood hazard area needs a Floodplain Development Permit12. Unincorporated land has no county zoning ordinance, although municipal rules can apply inside city limits34. Septic permits go through the Franklin County Health Department's Environmental Office5.

At a glance

Building permit
Not required countywide; a Floodplain Development Permit is required in mapped flood hazard areas12
Zoning
No county zoning ordinance found; only the five incorporated cities zone36
Septic permits
Franklin County Health Department, Environmental Office (Alabama Department of Public Health)5
RV / tiny home / manufactured home
Unrestricted under county rules, since there is no county zoning ordinance6
Owner-builder
Exempt from Alabama contractor licensing if you build your own 1- or 2-family home and personally supervise the work78
Manufactured home
Allowed statewide if it meets size and HUD Seal requirements and uses a certified installer9
Subdivision regulations
County review applies in its subdivision jurisdiction; proposed plats go through the County Engineer and County Commission10
Septic soil difficulty
Only 3.5% of county soils are free of severe limits for a conventional drain field11

Who to call

Also useful

Franklin County Commission

Main county government office; administers the county's Floodplain Development Ordinance No. 24-001 and can direct you to the current Floodplain Administrator and permit forms

(256) 332-8850

410 Jackson Avenue North, P.O. Box 1028, Russellville, AL 35653

Roads & driveways

Franklin County Highway Department (County Engineer)

County road and driveway questions for Franklin County; the department's page also links to the county's Subdivision Regulations

(256) 332-8434

Septic permits

Franklin County Health Department, Environmental Office (Alabama Department of Public Health)

Onsite sewage disposal system permits (Permit to Install), inspections and approval for use in Franklin County

256-332-2700

801 Highway 48, Russellville, AL 35654

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on September 28, 2026.

Do you need a building permit in Franklin County, Alabama?

Probably not, outside a mapped flood zone. Franklin County has no county building, planning, or zoning department, and county materials describe permitting as a municipal-level matter within the incorporated cities, so unincorporated land has no general county building-permit requirement1. Alabama counties may adopt and administer residential building laws by resolution, but we could not confirm that Franklin County has adopted a general residential code or inspection program; ask the County Commission before construction12. Franklin County's confirmed exception is the floodplain: a Floodplain Development Permit is required before buildings, grading, filling, excavation, or other development begins in a mapped Special Flood Hazard Area or other county-designated flood hazard area213. An owner who builds a one-family or two-family home for personal occupancy and provides all material supervision can use Alabama's owner-builder licensing exemption, but the exemption does not waive separate floodplain or septic requirements8. A hired subcontractor must be licensed when that subcontracted undertaking exceeds $10,0008.

Who handles building and floodplain permits in Franklin County, and how do you reach them?

Franklin County does not have a stand-alone building department, so start with the Franklin County Commission at 410 Jackson Avenue North, Russellville, AL 35653, phone (256) 332-885014. The Commission can direct you to the Floodplain Administrator and county floodplain forms; the ordinance says the application goes to the Floodplain Administrator before development in the regulated flood areas2. The Franklin County Highway Department and County Engineer handle county-road questions at (256) 332-843415. For a land division in the county's subdivision jurisdiction, submit the proposed plat through the County Engineer for review and County Commission action; the regulations require a complete application at least 30 days before Commission consideration10. Municipal offices are the right starting point inside city limits: Russellville, for example, has building permits, phased inspections, and zoning for specified structures and uses4.

Does Franklin County have zoning?

Unincorporated Franklin County has no county zoning ordinance, while incorporated municipalities can apply their own rules36. Russellville expressly zones certain city areas for specific structures and uses, so a Russellville parcel needs a city-level check4. On unincorporated land, county zoning sets no minimum dwelling size, general minimum lot size, setback, lot-coverage limit, or building-height limit; county zoning also does not restrict RVs, tiny homes, manufactured homes, accessory dwellings, or temporary camping6. Subdivision control is separate from zoning. Franklin County regulates land divisions in its subdivision jurisdiction, generally outside municipal corporate limits and outside a municipal planning commission's territorial jurisdiction10. A qualifying division into parcels larger than five acres can be excluded only when every parcel has at least 60 feet of road frontage, needs no public-utility extension, and a licensed engineer finds no added stormwater runoff16. Lots without public water or sewer must meet Health Department minimum-lot requirements10.

How do septic permits work in Franklin County?

Every onsite sewage disposal system in Franklin County needs a Permit to Install from the Franklin County Health Department's Environmental Office at 801 Highway 48, Russellville, AL 35654, phone 256-332-270051718. Submit the application before construction; installation can begin only after complete plans meet the rules and the department issues the permit19. Soil suitability may require evaluation by a professional engineer, land surveyor, geologist, or soil classifier19. Only 3.5% of Franklin County soils are rated without severe limitations for a conventional septic drain field, so evaluate the site before settling on a house location or purchase price11. The installer must hold an Alabama Onsite Wastewater Board license19. No part of an installation may be covered until the local health department has an opportunity to inspect it, subject to the rule's inspection-delay exception, and the system cannot be used until the department issues Approval for Use20.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Franklin County?

Yes, as far as county zoning goes on unincorporated land. Franklin County's lack of county zoning leaves RV occupancy, tiny-home occupancy, manufactured-home occupancy, accessory dwellings, and temporary camping unrestricted by county zoning6. Septic and floodplain rules still apply to the site even when county zoning does not192. Alabama separately recognizes a manufactured or mobile home as a residence when it meets the state's construction and size definition, bears a HUD Seal, connects to required utilities, and is installed by a certified installer9. A tiny home that does not fit the manufactured-home definition does not get that statewide manufactured-home pathway9. Inside an incorporated municipality, use the city's answer instead; Russellville has municipal zoning and building permits4. We could not confirm a general Franklin County certificate-of-occupancy rule for an ordinary unincorporated home, so ask the County Commission and your utility providers before planning move-in.

Building a home in Franklin County: the steps, in order

  1. Confirm whether the parcel is inside a municipality or on unincorporated land; city zoning and permits can replace the county-level answer34.
  2. Ask the County Commission whether the parcel is in a regulated flood area and obtain the Floodplain Development Permit before grading, filling, or construction when required2.
  3. If the project divides land, take the proposed plat to the County Engineer before development; county subdivision review can require Commission approval and a Permit to Develop10.
  4. Evaluate the septic site early because only 3.5% of county soils are rated without severe conventional-drain-field limitations11.
  5. Apply to the Health Department for a Permit to Install and use a licensed installer1719.
  6. For access to a state highway, submit the BM-111 application to the ALDOT District Administrator21.
  7. If acting as owner-builder, personally provide all material supervision and keep separate floodplain and septic approvals in place8.
  8. Do not use the septic system until the local health department issues Approval for Use20.

What to check before you buy land in Franklin County

Start with septic feasibility: only 3.5% of Franklin County soils are rated without severe limitations for a conventional drain field, so get a site evaluation before committing to a house site11. Terrain and clearing also matter because 57.4% of the land has a slope of 15% or less and 70.7% is wooded2223. Confirm municipal boundaries before assuming the unincorporated county answers apply; Russellville has its own zoning and building-permit process4. Check the flood map because development in mapped or county-designated flood hazard areas requires a county permit2. If the sale creates new lots, ask the County Engineer whether subdivision approval is needed; regulated projects cannot proceed to building development until the final plat is recorded16. For road access, distinguish a state highway from a county road because ALDOT requires the BM-111 process for a state-highway turnout21. Typical county figures are a 0.3% effective property-tax rate and a $432 median annual tax bill2425.

Watch-outs

  • Franklin County's no-zoning answer applies to unincorporated land; Russellville has municipal zoning and building permits, so verify city limits before relying on the county answer34.
  • A land division can trigger county subdivision review even though unincorporated Franklin County has no zoning ordinance; contact the County Engineer before marketing, transferring, or developing new lots10.
  • No official Franklin County source confirms whether a certificate of occupancy or a general building inspection is required for an ordinary home outside a flood zone; confirm directly with the County Commission office1.

Sources

  1. Franklin County Development Authority - Licenses & Permits (2026 county census)
  2. January 20, 2026 Regular Meeting Minutes — Floodplain Development Ordinance, quoted and re-checked
  3. Franklin County Development Authority - Licenses & Permits (2026 county census)
  4. Building, Licensing, and Zoning, quoted and re-checked
  5. Soil and Onsite Sewage (2026 county census)
  6. Alabama law on county zoning and building authority
  7. Exemptions — Home Builders Licensure Board (2026 county census)
  8. Exemptions — Home Builders Licensure Board, quoted and re-checked
  9. What is a manufactured home? (Alabama statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  10. 2022 Franklin County Subdivision Regulations, quoted and re-checked
  11. Share of soils without severe limits for a conventional septic drain field (USDA SSURGO): Bolthole Index county data
  12. Alabama County Commissioners Handbook, 13th Edition (Alabama statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  13. Franklin County Floodplain Development Ordinance No. 24-001, quoted and re-checked
  14. Franklin County Commission (franklincountyal.org)
  15. Franklin County Highway Department (County Engineer) (franklincountyal.org)
  16. 2022 Franklin County Subdivision Regulations, quoted and re-checked
  17. Franklin County Health Department, Environmental Office (Alabama Department of Public Health) (alabamapublichealth.gov)
  18. Soil and Onsite Sewage, quoted and re-checked
  19. Can I Live On This Lot?, quoted and re-checked
  20. Rule 420-3-1-.08 OSS/EDS Installation, quoted and re-checked
  21. ALDOT Permit Manual (Alabama statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  22. Share of land at 15% slope or less: Bolthole Index county data
  23. Wooded share of land: Bolthole Index county data
  24. Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
  25. Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data

Written September 28, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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County locator

Franklin County in Alabama

76
County map
Franklin County highlighted among the Alabama counties · colored by Index score

How Franklin County scores

Seclusion67100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency64100% ev.
Admin Boringness86100% ev.
Durability59100% ev.
Property Autonomy39100% ev.
Carry Cost88100% ev.

Evidence strength: 100%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$182kTypical home
0.3%Property tax
$3,526Land / acre
59.5"Annual rain
4.7% of yrsSevere drought
11.2 / yr (+10.4)Mid-century 100°F days
15.2 daysMid-century dry spell
2.86" (+7.5%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.43×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$1,795Home insurance / yr
1.4% / yrInsurance growth
0.95%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
10,557People within 30 min
1,862,030People within 2 hr
29,486Radius comparison (15 mi)
50.2People / sq mi
2.4%Federal land
57.4%Land at 15% slope or less
3.5%Septic soil without severe limits
13,696 acWorkable land screen
70.7%Wooded land
44.2 tonsBiomass / forest ac
60.5°FAvg temp

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Answers from the rulebook for Franklin County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Franklin County rules

  • Building permitLimited

    Development, including buildings or other structures, in Special Flood Hazard Areas or other designated floodplains within Franklin County.

    • A Floodplain Development Permit must be obtained before development in the Special Flood Hazard Areas.
    • Development includes any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation, drilling operations, or storage of equipment or materials.
    • The application is made to the Floodplain Administrator on county forms.
    • The source does not establish a general countywide building-permit requirement outside the specified floodplain areas.
    “Application for a Floodplain Development Permit shall be made to the Floodplain Administrator on forms furnished by the community PRIOR to any development (any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including, but not limited to, buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation, drilling operations, or storage of equipment or materials) in the SFHAs of the community, and may include, but not be limited to, the following: plans in duplicate drawn to scale showing the elevations of the area of development and the nature, location, and dimensions of existing or proposed development.”
  • Zoning districts · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Minimum dwelling size · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Minimum lot size · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Setbacks · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Lot coverage · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Building height · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Living in an RV · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Camping on your land · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Tiny homes · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Manufactured homes · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Accessory dwellings · by state lawNo county rule

    Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
  • Who permits septicCounty

    Onsite sewage and septic-tank administration in Franklin County.

    • The Franklin County Health Department directs septic-tank requests to its Environmental Office.
    • The Alabama Department of Public Health coordinates the statewide program through county health departments.
    “If you have requests about septic tanks or would like to file a complaint on an establishment, please call our office and ask for the Environmental Office.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • County — Onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems in Franklin County, including permitting, installation, approval, and use.
      “The Soil and Onsite Sewage Branch's main objective is to coordinate the onsite sewage program in the county health departments.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Construction of an onsite sewage disposal system in Franklin County, including systems serving property without municipal sewer.

    • Before construction, submit an Application for a Permit to Install an Onsite Sewage Disposal System to the local county health department.
    • A Permit to Install is issued only if the application and plans are complete and meet all requirements of the rules.
    • Construction may begin only after the Permit to Install is issued.
    • Where municipal sewer is unavailable, soil suitability may need to be evaluated by a professional engineer, professional land surveyor, professional geologist, or professional soil classifier.
    • The system installer must be licensed by the Alabama Onsite Wastewater Board.
    “Before the construction of an onsite sewage disposal system, you must submit an Application for a Permit to Install an Onsite Sewage Disposal System to your local county health department. If the application and plans are complete and meet all the requirements of the rules, a 'Permit to Install' will be issued. Then and only then can you begin the construction of your system.”
  • Off-grid sanitationAllowed (with conditions)

    Use of an onsite septic system as sanitation where municipal sewer is unavailable or impractical in Franklin County.

    • The system must be approved through the local county health department's Permit to Install process before construction.
    • The application and plans must be complete and satisfy applicable rules.
    • The source states that some soils or lots may be unsuitable for conventional septic systems and may require professional evaluation or engineered design.
    “Septic tank systems are used where municipal sewers are not available or are impractical.”
  • Agricultural exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    Construction or development of roads or buildings on private property used for agricultural purposes within Franklin County's subdivision jurisdiction.

    • The exclusion applies to construction or development of roads or buildings on private property used for agricultural purposes.
    • The regulations separately exclude public acquisition of strips of land for street widening or opening; immediate-family divisions under Code of Alabama 1975, § 11-24-2(d); divisions into parcels greater than five acres only when each parcel has at least 60 feet of frontage, no public-utility extension is required, and a licensed engineer opines that no additional stormwater runoff will be created; certain State Board of Health exemption parcels only when those same three criteria are met; and divisions, sales, deeds, or other transfers between adjoining property owners.
    • The agricultural exclusion is from the definition of subdivision in these county regulations; other applicable health, septic, road, drainage, building, or municipal requirements may still apply.
    “EXCLUSIONS: A subdivision shall not include any of the following: a. The construction or development of roads or buildings on private property to be used for agricultural purposes.”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Subdivisions within Franklin County's subdivision jurisdiction, defined as areas outside municipal corporate limits except areas within the territorial jurisdiction of a municipal planning commission.

    • County subdivision jurisdiction excludes areas within municipal corporate limits and areas within the territorial jurisdiction of a municipal planning commission.
    • Unless waived by the Franklin County Commission, county plat approval also applies within a municipal planning commission's territorial jurisdiction, but county approval is limited to plat approval under Code of Alabama 1975, § 11-52-30(b) and does not include enforcement.
    • No lots may be offered for sale, transfer, or lease before proposed plat approval and a permit to develop are obtained, subject to the authorized pre-sale agreement procedure.
    • A complete application must be submitted at least 30 days before County Commission consideration and include the required plat copies, construction plans for major subdivisions, Health Department field-review letter, variance documentation, adjoining-owner and utility information, and the $25 permit fee.
    • The County Engineer reviews the application; the County Commission approves the proposed plat when the County Engineer determines it meets the regulations. The County Engineer then issues a $25 Permit to Develop.
    • Final plat approval requires completion or guaranteed construction of required infrastructure, payment of inspection and testing charges, as-built plans, four final-plat copies, Health Department certification, and applicable utility-provider certification.
    • Residential lots without public water or sewer must meet Franklin County Health Department minimum-lot requirements.
    • Major subdivision road standards vary by tier: Tier I requires a 20-foot crushed-aggregate roadway; Tier II requires a 20-foot bituminous asphalt roadway with 2-foot shoulders; Tier III requires a 22-foot bituminous asphalt roadway with curb and gutter.
    • An adequate storm-drainage system based on a minimum 25-year design storm is required; cross-drain pipes must have a minimum diameter of 15 inches.
    • The regulations state that they were adopted by Resolution 2022-01-18 on January 18, 2022, and apply after 30 days from the County's filing of a certified copy with the Probate Judge.

    permit to develop fee: 25 USD · minor subdivision fee: 500 plus 25 per lot/site USD · major subdivision fee: 500 plus 50 per lot/site plus 0.25 per linear foot of new road USD · proposed plat submission lead time: 30 days (before County Commission consideration) · minimum lot size without public water/sewer: determined by Franklin County Health Department regulations · minimum storm-drainage design: >= 25 year design storm · minimum cross-drain pipe diameter: >= 15 inches

    “These regulations shall be applicable to the development of any subdivision within the county’s subdivision jurisdiction and shall include the planning and construction of all public streets, roads, and drainage structures.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Regulated (with conditions) — Development and division of land into two or more lots, plats, sites, or otherwise for sale, lease, or building development within Franklin County's subdivision jurisdiction, administered by the Franklin County Commission and County Engineer.
      “the Franklin County Commission does hereby set a policy to exercise the power and authority to review, approve, and disapprove plats for all subdivisions”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    Development in FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas and additional Community Flood Hazard Areas within Franklin County, Alabama.

    • A Floodplain Development Permit is required before any development begins in identified SFHAs or additional identified Community Flood Hazard Areas.
    • The ordinance applies to all FEMA SFHAs and additional areas designated by Franklin County as floodplains or areas subject to flooding.
    • No structure or land may be located, extended, converted, or altered without full compliance with the ordinance and other applicable regulations.
    • Where the ordinance conflicts or overlaps with another restriction, the more stringent restriction prevails.
    “PRIOR to the commencement of any development”
  • Permit processPartial

    Floodplain development permitting in Franklin County-designated flood hazard areas, including FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas and additional Community Flood Hazard Areas.

    • A Floodplain Development Permit must be obtained before commencement of development in the identified areas.
    • The ordinance applies to FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas and additional areas designated by Franklin County as floodplains or areas subject to flooding.
    • The ordinance adopts by reference the FEMA Flood Insurance Study dated September 29, 2010, accompanying FIRMs, supporting data, and revisions.
    • This is a partial process finding and does not establish the complete process for all county or municipal permits.

    FEMA Flood Insurance Study date: September 29, 2010 (The ordinance also adopts accompanying FIRMs, supporting data, and revisions.)

    “A Floodplain Development Permit shall be required”
  • County-wide zoningAbsent

    The county has no planning or zoning department; only the incorporated municipalities administer zoning, leaving unincorporated county land unzoned.

    Franklin County Development Authority - Licenses & Permits ↗Scouted from the county site, not yet independently re-checked

Alabama rules that apply here

  • Owner-builder exemptionConditional

    Residential owner-builders in Franklin County subject to Alabama's Home Builders Licensure Law.

    • The owner must act as the owner's own contractor.
    • The owner must provide all material supervision.
    • The project must build or improve a one-family or two-family residence on the owner's property.
    • The residence must be for the occupancy or use of the owner and must not be offered for sale.
    • The exemption is nontransferable and may not be transferred to an agent through a power of attorney.
    • Selling or offering the structure for sale within one year after completion is presumptive evidence that construction was undertaken for sale.
    • A homeowner who hires or compensates anyone to supervise the building or improvement is not acting as the owner's own contractor.
    • Subcontractors hired by an exempt homeowner must be licensed if the cost of the subcontracted undertaking exceeds $10,000.
    • This is a licensing exemption and does not itself establish exemption from any separate building-permit, inspection, floodplain, or municipal requirement.

    residence type: one-family or two-family · sale presumption period: 1 year after completion (sale or offering for sale is presumptive evidence of construction for sale) · subcontractor undertaking threshold: > 10000 USD (subcontractor must be licensed)

    “The Home Builders Licensure Law provides an exemption for homeowners who build or improve their own residence for their own occupancy or use. Owners of property when acting as their own contractor and providing all material supervision themselves, when building or improving one-family or two-family residences on such property for the occupancy or use of such owners and not offered for sale. This exemption is a nontransferable privilege.”
    5 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Available (with conditions) — Owner-builders in Franklin County claiming Alabama’s residential home-builder licensing exemption.
      “The Home Builders Licensure Law provides an exemption for homeowners who build or improve their own residence for their own occupancy or use.”
    • Conditional — Owners constructing or improving one-family or two-family residences on their property in Franklin County, Alabama, for their own occupancy or use under Alabama's residential home-builder licensing law.
      “The Home Builders Licensure Law provides an exemption for homeowners who build or improve their own residence for their own occupancy or use.”
    • Available (with conditions) — Owners acting as their own contractor when building or improving one-family or two-family residences on their property for their own occupancy or use, including in Franklin County.
      “Owners of property when acting as their own contractor and providing all material supervision themselves, when building or improving one-family or two-family residences on such property for the occupancy or use of such owners and not offered for sale. This exemption may not be transferred to any other person, including, but not limited to, an agent through a power of attorney.”
    • Available (with conditions) — Alabama Home Builders Licensure Law licensing exemption for an owner acting as the owner’s own residential contractor when building or improving a one-family or two-family residence for the owner’s own occupancy or use.
      “Owners of property when acting as their own contractor and providing all material supervision themselves, when building or improving one-family or two-family residences on such property for the occupancy or use of such owners and not offered for sale. This exemption is a nontransferable privilege.”
    • Conditional — Owners building or improving one-family or two-family residences in Alabama for their own occupancy or use.
      “Owners of property when acting as their own contractor and providing all material supervision themselves, when building or improving one-family or two-family residences”
  • Building code adoptedPartial

    Residential construction and improvements governed by Alabama's Home Builders Licensure Law, including construction in local jurisdictions without an already adopted residential building code.

    • The Home Builders Licensure Board has sole authority to adopt the Alabama Residential Building Code and Alabama Residential Energy Code.
    • The statewide residential building code is stated by the official HBLB Spring 2026 newsletter to go into effect January 1, 2027.
    • The statewide code establishes minimum standards in local jurisdictions that do not already have an adopted residential building code.
    • Local jurisdictions with an adopted code and enforcement do not need to make a change under the described transition framework.
    • The 2025 statute provides that the Alabama Residential Building Code does not supersede a local residential building code adopted by a county or municipality in effect on January 1, 2027.
    • A local building code adopted after January 1, 2027, must meet the minimum standards of the Alabama Residential Building Code and Alabama Residential Energy Code in effect when adopted; local conditions may support amendments, subject to the statutory limits.
    • The Alabama Residential Building Code does not apply to an agricultural building except for a residence contained therein.

    statewide residential building code effective date: 2027-01-01 · post-2027 local-code minimum: must meet the Alabama Residential Building Code and Alabama Residential Energy Code minimum standards (Local conditions may require amendments subject to statutory limits.)

    “Beginning January 1, 2027, a residential home builder within this state who constructs, renovates, or repairs a residence or structure shall do so”
    9 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted (with conditions) — State Building Code requirements administered and enforced by the Alabama Division of Construction Management for state-owned or state-funded construction, K-12 schools, public postsecondary schools, hotels and motels, movie theaters, and other work within DCM jurisdiction.
      “The State Building Code is limited to any new construction, addition, renovation, modification of mechanical, electrical, plumbing systems, sitework and generally any and all work on state-owned property and/or using state funds, on all public and private kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) schools, on public postsecondary schools, on hotels/motels and on movie theaters. DCM's code jurisdiction over plans and specifications of all municipal and county-owned projects is limited to such projects meeting Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards. DCM does not have jurisdiction over residential property or commercial property except for hotels/motels and movie theaters.”
    • Partial — Residential construction and improvements governed by the Alabama Home Builders Licensure Law, including ordinary residential construction beginning January 1, 2027.
      “The Alabama Residential Building Code shall be enforced by local jurisdictions that have permitting and inspection programs for residential construction and improvements that are adhered to by residential home builders. The Alabama Residential Building Code shall not supersede any local residential building code adopted by any county or municipality in effect on January 1, 2027. [...] Beginning January 1, 2027, a residential home builder within this state who constructs, renovates, or repairs a residence or structure shall do so in accordance with applicable residential building code adopted pursuant to Section 34-14A-12 or, if applicable, the local jurisdiction’s residential building code.”
    • Partial — Construction within the Alabama Division of Construction Management jurisdiction, including state-owned or state-funded work, public and private K-12 schools, public higher-education institutions, hotels, motels, and movie theaters.
      “The 2021 International Building Code [...] DCM does not have jurisdiction over residential property or commercial property except for hotels/motels and movie theaters.”
    • Partial — Construction within the Alabama Division of Construction Management jurisdiction, including state-owned or state-funded property, public and private K-12 schools, public higher-education institutions subject to the stated ACCS limitation, hotels/motels, and movie theaters.
      “The State Building Code is limited to any new construction, addition, renovation, modification of mechanical, electrical, plumbing systems, sitework”
    • Partial — Residential building-code investigations by the Alabama Home Builders Licensure Board involving contracts entered into on or after February 13, 2022, in Alabama cities and counties that have not adopted a residential building code.
      “In cities and counties that have not adopted a residential building code, the Board will apply the 2015 International Residential building Code (IRC)”
    • Partial — Alabama's statutory framework authorizing county commissions to adopt building laws and codes for unincorporated areas and recognizing municipal building laws or codes within municipal police jurisdictions.
      “The county commissions of the several counties are authorized and empowered to adopt building laws and codes by ordinance”
    • Partial — Residential construction and improvements statewide under the Alabama Residential Building Code framework.
      “The Alabama Residential Building Code shall not supersede any local residential building code adopted by any county or municipality in effect on January 1, 2027.”
    • Partial — Projects within the Alabama Division of Construction Management's State Building Code jurisdiction, including state construction and specified school, hotel/motel, and movie-theater projects; not ordinary residential property.
      “DCM does not have jurisdiction over residential property or commercial property except for hotels/motels and movie theaters.”
    • Partial — Residential construction in Alabama where a county or municipality has a permitting and inspection program or has adopted a local residential building code; this is not a uniform DCM residential-code jurisdiction.
      “The Alabama Residential Building Code shall be enforced by local jurisdictions”
  • InspectionsLimited

    Installation inspections for manufactured homes and manufactured buildings, including modulars, installed in unincorporated Franklin County.

    • Manufactured homes or manufactured buildings may not be skirted until a Commission inspector has inspected the setup.
    • Effective May 1, 2006, multi-section residential units/homes may not be trimmed out until a Commission inspector has inspected the marriage line from inside and outside the home.
    • If the Commission has not inspected within ten days after notification, the home or building may be skirted.
    • The rule is an Alabama Manufactured Housing Commission installation inspection rule and does not establish a general county building-inspection program.

    inspection-notification fallback: 10 days (If the Commission has not inspected within ten days after notification, the home or building may be skirted.)

    “Manufactured homes or manufactured buildings shall not be skirted until a Commission inspector has inspected the setup.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Required DCM construction inspections, pre-construction conferences, and substantial-completion determinations for projects within the narrower DCM inspection jurisdiction.
      “Conducts required pre-construction conferences, inspections and substantial completions limited to state-funded construction, any project on state-owned property, public K-12 (including charter) schools, on public universities, and on ACCS projects with Notices-to-Proceed issued prior to August 1, 2021.”
    • Limited — Residential construction and improvements in Alabama local jurisdictions that have permitting and inspection programs.
      “The Alabama Residential Building Code shall be enforced by local jurisdictions that have permitting and inspection programs for residential construction and improvements”
  • Certificate of occupancyLimited

    Residential projects in Alabama municipalities that issue a certificate of occupancy and for which the builder is subject to the Home Builders Licensure Law.

    • An updated list of subcontractors must be furnished before issuance of a certificate of occupancy by the municipality.
    • The provision does not establish a statewide requirement that every residential project obtain a certificate of occupancy.
    • The builder must provide the subcontractor list within three working days after hiring an added subcontractor; the initial list is due within 15 days after issuance of the building permit if requested by the issuing municipality.
    • No license fee for subcontractors is required as a condition of issuing a building permit or certificate of occupancy.

    initial subcontractor list deadline: 15 days after building permit issuance (only if requested by the issuing municipality) · added subcontractor list deadline: 3 working days after hiring

    “An updated list of subcontractors shall be furnished by the builder before the issuance of a certificate of occupancy by the municipality.”
  • Septic inspectionRequired

    Onsite sewage system or innovative effluent discharge system installations and repairs statewide, including Franklin County.

    • Except as allowed in Rule 420-3-1-.08, no part of the installation may be covered until the local health department has an opportunity to inspect and necessary corrections are made.
    • The OSS/EDS may not be used until the local health department issues an Approval for Use.
    • If the local health department cannot inspect within 30 minutes after the agreed inspection time because of resource constraints, weather conditions, or other unforeseen circumstances, it may allow a licensed installer to cover the installation or repair.
    • Before Approval for Use, the installer must install or repair pursuant to a valid permit, agree on an inspection time, notify the LHD of installation problems, and submit completed ADPH Form CEP-5 within three business days of completion.
    • For an engineered system, the engineer must submit ADPH Form CEP-6 when applicable.
    • The rule chapter was published December 30, 2022, effective February 13, 2023.

    inspection-delay exception: 30 minutes (The LHD may allow covering when resource constraints, weather conditions, or other unforeseen circumstances prevent inspection within 30 minutes after the agreed inspection time.)

    “Except as allowed in this rule, no part of any installation shall be covered or used until the LHD is afforded an opportunity to inspect”
  • Well permitLimited

    New groundwater wells and alterations to existing groundwater wells extracting at least 50 gallons per minute when the well is in Alabama's coastal area or its 50-year capture zone extends into the coastal area.

    • A permit from ADEM is required for the covered installation or alteration.
    • The cited rule is limited to the specified coastal-area or capture-zone circumstances and does not establish a general statewide permit requirement for individual private wells.
    • ADEM states that it does not have regulatory authority over individual private wells.

    groundwater extraction rate: >= 50 gallons per minute (Applies when the well surface location is in the coastal area or the 50-year capture zone extends into the coastal area.)

    “The installation of a new well, or alteration of an existing well, for the purposes of extracting groundwater”
  • Mandatory utility hookupConditional

    Residential or mobile/modular-home development statewide where wastewater service is being planned.

    • The property should be checked with the city sewer authority or local health department for availability of city sewage disposal.
    • If public sanitary sewer is unavailable or the property is not connected to it, an onsite sewage system may be used only under the applicable ADPH permit and approval requirements.
    • The source does not establish a statewide mandatory connection-to-sewer rule.
    “If it is not, you will be required to have the soil tested to see if the soil is suitable”
  • Driveway accessLimited

    Driveways, turnouts, and other access points from private, publicly owned, or commercial property to state highways in Franklin County.

    • A permit is required for access to an Alabama state highway.
    • Applicants must submit a completed BM-111 application to the ALDOT District Administrator.
    • Turnouts are regulated for entrance width, radii, placement relative to property lines, intersecting streets and crossovers, angle of entry, vertical alignment, drainage, and number of entrances to one property.
    • For major developments, turnout regulation is based on the overall development area, not only initial phases; out parcels should be served internally where possible.
    • This claim does not establish a permit requirement for non-state roads; ALDOT's manual states that local agencies handle access permitting for non-state roadways.
    • All turnout costs are paid by the applicant.
    • The minimum side-drain pipe size is 15 inches; regions may require an 18-inch pipe.
    • An approved full-access turnout may later be reduced to less-than-full access.

    side drain pipe minimum diameter: >= 15 inches (ALDOT regions may require an 18-inch side-drain pipe.)

    “Individuals or businesses which require access to State highways must apply for a permit by submitting a completed BM-111 application to the District Administrator.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Constructing a driveway, turnout, or other access from private, publicly owned, or commercial property to an Alabama state highway.
      “Individuals or businesses which require access to State highways must apply for a permit by submitting a completed BM-111 application to the District Administrator.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    Alabama construction sites requiring ADEM Construction Stormwater permit coverage.

    • Coverage is generally required for land disturbance of one or more acres, qualifying common plans of development, or discharges with reasonable potential to cause or contribute to a water-quality concern.
    • Certain listed minor land-disturbing activities are exempt.
    • Lake Martin has a special designation requiring coverage for non-exempt projects even when disturbance is less than one acre.

    application fee: 1385 USD

    “An application fee of $1,385.00 will be required upon submission of an application.”
  • county zoning authorityLimited

    Alabama county authority to adopt zoning for unincorporated land.

    • Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law.
    • Limited authority may arise through county-specific local laws, including examples identified by the handbook for Baldwin, Russell, Shelby, and Jefferson Counties.
    • Counties may regulate land use in flood-prone areas under Ala. Code § 11-19-1 et seq.; flood-prone areas are areas with a frequency of inundation of once in 100 years as defined by qualified hydrologists or engineers using generally accepted methods.
    • Counties may adopt airport zoning regulations under Ala. Code § 4-6-4 to prevent airport hazards within airport hazard areas.
    • For airport zoning, the county zoning jurisdiction is unincorporated county land except within a municipality's police jurisdiction and within two miles of a municipal airport when the municipality exercises or declares its intention to exercise zoning control, unless local law provides otherwise.
    • The handbook notes an exception to the airport-zoning provision for counties with a population of not less than 54,500 nor more than 56,000 according to the 1970 federal decennial census.
    “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law, although several counties have created some form of planning and zoning authority by local law. However, as set out below, the Legislature has granted limited authority to county governing bodies to address certain special circumstances related to use of land within the territorial jurisdiction of the county.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — County authority over land use and zoning in unincorporated Alabama; general Alabama law does not grant counties broad general zoning authority, but limited authority exists through special local laws and specified statutory circumstances.
      “Counties in Alabama do not have broad and general land use regulatory authority under general Alabama law”
  • county building authorityGeneral

    Alabama county commissions adopting and administering residential building laws and codes in unincorporated areas.

    • A county commission must act by resolution to adopt building laws or codes.
    • The resolution must be provided to the Home Builders Licensure Board within 10 business days.
    • A local building law or code generally may not take effect until 120 days after adoption; for insurance claims requiring licensed work, the effective date is the date of adoption.
    • County building laws and codes may be enforced in a municipality's police jurisdiction outside municipal corporate limits as provided by Section 11-40-10(b)(2).
    • Application within municipal corporate limits requires express consent of the municipal governing body.
    • The county commission may employ building inspectors and exact fees from owners of inspected property.
    • A county may discontinue administration and enforcement by resolution, but discontinuation generally does not take effect until 120 days after adoption and the resolution must be sent to the Board within 10 business days.
    • Counties and municipalities may enter mutual agreements, compacts, and contracts for administration and enforcement, with a copy due to the Board within 10 business days.
    • Beginning January 1, 2027, residential builders must follow the applicable state or local residential building code.

    resolution transmission deadline: 10 business days (Copy must be provided to the Home Builders Licensure Board.) · local-code delayed effective period: 120 days (Insurance-claim work requiring a license is effective on the local adoption date.)

    “A county commission, by resolution, may adopt building laws and codes”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • General — Alabama county authority to adopt and enforce residential building laws and codes in unincorporated areas.
      “There are two general statutory provisions authorizing counties to adopt building codes: the Home Builders Licensure Law found at Ala. Code § 34-14A-1 et seq. and the law on the state minimum building standards code found at Ala. Code § 41-9-160 et seq.”

Inside cities and towns in Franklin County

Municipal rules found while researching the county. They apply inside that city or town, not to unincorporated land.

  • Building permitRequired

    Most construction projects within the City of Russellville, Franklin County, Alabama.

    • The source is limited to the City of Russellville and does not establish a countywide or unincorporated-county rule.
    • The page states that most construction projects require permits, not that every project requires one.
    “Most construction projects require building permits.”
  • InspectionsRequired

    New construction and many types of remodeling within the City of Russellville, Franklin County, Alabama.

    • The source is limited to the City of Russellville and does not establish a countywide or unincorporated-county rule.
    • Inspections occur at many phases and for different areas, including electrical work and plumbing; the page does not provide a complete inspection schedule.
    “New construction and many types of remodeling require inspections at many phases for different areas, such as electrical work and plumbing.”
  • Local zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Zoning within the City of Russellville, Franklin County, Alabama.

    • The cited zoning statement applies to areas within the city limits of Russellville.
    • The City of Russellville states that certain areas are zoned for specific structures and uses and that residential areas may have covenants and restrictions.
    • Building permits and phased inspections may also apply to construction projects.
    “Certain areas of the city are zoned for specific types of structures and uses.”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Short-term rentals — Short-term or vacation rentals in Franklin County, Alabama.

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Franklin County, Alabama

Is Franklin County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Franklin County scores 76/100 on the Bolthole Index, a strong county profile. Its strengths: manageable long-term carry cost and low administrative friction for a quiet rural property. Watch-outs: a weaker property-autonomy legal backdrop.

Do you need a building permit in Franklin County, Alabama?

Franklin County does not require a county building permit for a home in unincorporated areas, and it has no county-wide zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Franklin County Health Department (under Alabama Department of Public Health, Onsite Sewage Program). Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Franklin County?

Living in an RV on your own land in Franklin County is allowed: Unincorporated Franklin County: no county rule sets this, because Alabama law gives zoning power only to certain counties, and Franklin County has no zoning ordinance. The county legal census found no county zoning ordinance, citing franklineda.com. Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits. Alabama counties lack broad, general land-use regulatory authority under general Alabama law. A tiny home is allowed. Confirm with the county before relying on it.

How much does land cost in Franklin County, Alabama?

Land in Franklin County runs about $3,526 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Franklin County?

Franklin County gets about 59.5" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 4.7% of years.

How remote is Franklin County?

A representative private-land location has about 10,557 people within a 30-minute drive and 1,862,030 within two hours. The road-network catchments count population across county lines and clusters of smaller cities; straight-line radius values remain available as a comparison.

Off-grid gear

Going off-grid in Franklin County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:

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How Franklin compares in Alabama

Compare side-by-side →See all 67 Alabama counties ranked →